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| The Tense - English Grammar |
The Tenses : Present tense, Past tense and Future tense.
The Tense
સામાન્ય રીતે Tense (કાળ) ત્રણ પ્રકારના હોય છે.
[1] Present Tense (વર્તમાન કાળ)
[2] Past Tense (ભૂતકાળ)
[3] Future Tense (ભવિષ્ય કાળ)
પ્રત્યેક Tense(કાળ)ના ચાર એમ કુલ બાર Tense(કાળ) થાય છે.
1. The Simple Present Tense
(સાદો વર્તમાન કાળ)
- કોઈ ક્રિયા થાય છે કે ક્રિયા થતી નથી તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
S - Subject, V - Verb, O - Object
I eat pizza.
S + V1 + O
I do not eat pizza.
S + Do/Does not + V1 + O
Do I eat pizza?
Do/Does + S + V1 + O +?
જો કર્તા ત્રી.પુ.એ. હોય તો ક્રિયાપદ (Verb) ને 's' કે 'es' પ્રત્યય લાગે.
| I walk. | હું ચાલું છું. |
| We walk. | અમે ચાલીએ છીએ. |
| You walk. | તમે ચાલો છો. |
| They walk. | તેઓ ચાલે છે. |
| He walks. | તે ચાલે છે. |
| She walks. | તેણી ચાલે છે. |
| It walks. | તે ચાલે છે. |
| I don't walk. | હું ચાલતો નથી. |
| He doesn't walk. | તે ચાલતો નથી. |
| Do you walk? | શું તમે ચાલો છો? |
| Does he walk? | શું તે ચાલે છે? |
1. The earth revolves around the sun. (પૃથ્વી સૂર્યની આસપાસ ફરે છે.)
2. She wakes up early in the morning daily. (તે દરરોજ વહેલી સવારે ઉઠે છે.)
3. I speak English quite well. (હું સારી રીતે અંગ્રેજી બોલું છું.)
4. He works in this hotel as a chef. (તે આ હોટલમાં રસોઇયા તરીકે કામ કરે છે.)
5. They lead a simple life. (તેઓ સાદું જીવન જીવે છે.)
6. She serves the dinner at half-past eight and puts the children to sleep at half-past nine. (તે સાડા આઠ વાગ્યે રાત્રિભોજન આપે છે અને સાડા નવ વાગ્યે બાળકોને સૂવડાવે છે.)
7. I prefer my coffee black. (હું મારી કોફી બ્લેક પસંદ કરું છું.)
8. I don't prefer my coffee black.
9. Do I prefer my coffee black?
10. He goes to school everyday. (તે રોજ શાળાએ જાય છે.)
11. He doesn't go to school everyday.
12. Does he go to school everyday?
2. The Simple Past Tense
(સાદો ભુતકાળ)
- કોઈ ક્રિયા થઇ કે ક્રિયા ન થઇ તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I ate pizza.
S + V2 + O
I did not eat pizza.
S + Did Not + V1 + O
Did I eat pizza?
Did + S + V1 + O +?
I walked.
You walked.
He walked.
She walked.
It walked.
We walked.
They walked.
I didn't walk.
Did you walk?
1. I used to go for a walk. (હું ફરવા જતો હતો.)
2. The teacher advised the students to frame a time table for Mathematics. (શિક્ષકે વિદ્યાર્થીઓને ગણિત માટે ટાઈમ ટેબલ બનાવવાની સલાહ આપી.)
3. He admired the poetry of Shakespeare. (તેણે શેક્સપિયરની કવિતાની પ્રશંસા કરી.)
4. The little boy fed the fish in the pond. (નાના છોકરાએ તળાવની માછલીઓને ખવડાવી.)
5. I did not wish to talk to about that matter. (હું તે બાબતે વાત કરવા માંગતો ન હતો.)
6. We watched the news last night. (અમે ગઈકાલે રાત્રે સમાચાર જોયા.)
7. We did not watch the news last night.
8. Did we watch the news last night?
3. The Simple Future Tense
(સાદો ભવિષ્ય કાળ)
- કોઈ ક્રિયા થશે કે ક્રિયા નહિ થાય તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I will eat pizza.
S + Will + V1 + O
I will not eat pizza.
S + Will Not + V1 + O
Will I eat pizza?
Will + S + V1 + O +?
I will walk.
You will walk.
He will walk.
She will walk.
It will walk.
We will walk.
They will walk.
I won't walk.
Will you walk?
1. Mohan will read the story book. (મોહન વાર્તાનું પુસ્તક વાંચશે.)
2. I will go to the beach next Sunday. (હું આવતા રવિવારે બીચ પર જઈશ.)
3. She will buy a gift for her friend. (તેણી તેના મિત્ર માટે ભેટ ખરીદશે.)
4. My father will buy a car for me. (મારા પિતા મારા માટે કાર ખરીદશે.)
5. He will take the final exam next month. (તે આવતા મહિને અંતિમ પરીક્ષા આપશે.)
6. They will study math. (તેઓ ગણિતનો અભ્યાસ કરશે.)
7. They will not study math.
8. Will they study math?
4. The Continuous Present Tense
(ચાલુ વર્તમાન કાળ)
- વર્તમાનમાં ક્રિયા ચાલી રહી છે કે વર્તમાનમાં ક્રિયા ચાલી રહી નથી તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I am eating pizza.
S + Am, Is, Are + V1 + ing + O
I am not eating pizza.
S + Am/Is/Are + Not + V1 + ing + O
Am I eating pizza?
Am/Is/Are + S + V1 + ing + O?
I am walking.
We are walking.
You are walking.
They are walking.
He is walking.
She is walking.
It is walking.
I am not walking.
You are not walking.
He isn't walking.
Are you walking?
Is he walking?
1. He is walking to the door.
2. He is trying hard to complete the degree.
3. The teacher is delivering the lecture.
4. Is Jimmy attending the webinar on digital marketing?
5. I understand what you are trying to tell me.
6. She is listening the music now.
7. She is not listening the music now.
8. Is she listening the music now?
5. The Continuous Past Tense
(ચાલુ ભૂતકાળ)
- ભૂતકાળ માં ક્રિયા ચાલી રહી હતી કે ભૂતકાળ માં ક્રિયા ચાલી રહી ન હતી તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I was eating pizza.
S + Was/Were + V1 + ing + O
I was not eating pizza.
S+ Was/Were + Not + V1 + ing + O
Was I eating pizza?
Was/Were + S + V1 + ing + O?
I was walking.
You were walking.
He was walking.
She was walking.
It was walking.
We were walking.
They were walking.
I wasn't walking.
You weren't walking.
He wasn't walking.
Were you walking?
Was he walking?
1. He was planning for his future studies.
2. The gardener was mowing the grass of the lawn.
3. The husband was reading a book and the wife was sitting beside him.
4. I was peeling potatoes in the kitchen yesterday.
5. Was he celebrating his birthday last week?
6. I was learning German last year.
7. I was not learning German last year.
8. Was I learning German last year?
6. The Continuous Future Tense
(ચાલુ ભવિષ્યકાળ)
- ભવિષ્યમાં ક્રિયા ચાલી રહી હશે કે ભવિષ્યમાં ક્રિયા ચાલી રહી નહિ હોય તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I will be eating pizza.
S + Will + Be + V1 + ing + O
I will not be eating pizza.
S + Will + Not + Be + V1 + ing + O
Will I be eating pizza?
Will + S + Be + V1 + ing + O
I will be walking.
You will be walking.
He will be walking.
She will be walking.
It will be walking.
We will be walking.
They will be walking.
I won't be walking.
Will you be walking?
1. She will be making pudding at the weekend.
2. He will be drinking tea in the morning at 7 o'clock.
3. They will be playing football next Sunday.
4. She will be baking pies for her children.
5. They will be loving you.
6. They will not be loving you.
7. Will they be loving you?
7. The Perfect Present Tense
(પૂર્ણ વર્તમાન કાળ)
- વર્તમાનમાં ક્રિયા પૂર્ણ થઇ ગયી છે કે થઇ ગયી નથી તે દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I have eaten pizza.
S + Has/Have + V3+ O
I have not eaten pizza.
S + Has/Have + Not + V3+ O
Have I eaten pizza?
Has/Have + S + V3 + O?
I have walked.
You have walked.
He has walked.
She has walked.
It has walked.
We have walked.
They have walked.
You haven't walked.
He hasn't walked.
Have you walked?
Has he walked?
1. He has planted a ridge of cauliflowers in his garden.
2. The teacher has explained the use of the verb to the class.
3. Tom has completed two chapters of the book.
4. I have not yet taken my lunch.
5. Has he already left for England for higher studies?
6. It has rained a lot lately.
7. It has not rained a lot lately.
8. Has it rained a lot lately?
8. The Perfect Past Tense
(પૂર્ણ ભૂતકાળ)
- ભૂતકાળમાં ક્રિયા પૂર્ણ થઇ ગયી હતી કે થઇ ગયી ન હતી તે દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I had eaten pizza.
S + Had + V3 + O
I had not eaten pizza.
S + Had + Not + V3 + O
Had I eaten pizza?
Had + S + V3 + O
I had walked.
You had walked.
He had walked.
She had walked.
It had walked.
We had walked.
They had walked.
I hadn't walked.
Had you walked?
1. Julia had completed her assignment before the boss arrived.
2. The sales manager had successfully achieved the target of sales.
3. He had worked as a cashier in this bank.
4. She had performed the research work to complete her degree.
5. It had rained heavily last year when the roads flooded with water.
6. He had left when I went to the club.
7. He had not left when I went to the club.
8. Had he left when I went to the club?
9. The Perfect Future Tense
(પૂર્ણ ભવિષ્ય કાળ)
- ભવિષ્યમાં ક્રિયા પૂર્ણ થઇ ગયી હશે કે પૂર્ણ થઇ ગયી નહિ હોય તે દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I will have eaten pizza.
S + Will + Have + V3 + O
I will not have eaten pizza.
S + Will + Not + Have + V3 + O
Will I have eaten pizza?
Will + S + Has/Have + V3 + O?
I will have walked.
You will have walked.
He will have walked.
She will have walked.
It will have walked.
We will have walked.
They will have walked.
I won't have walked.
Will you have walked?
1. Tom will have completed his graduation degree by the end of this year.
2. Tom will have traveled to Rome.
3. I will have planted a sapling in my lawn.
4. I will have done my duty before I'll leave the office.
5. By next week, they will have earned lots of money.
6. By next week, they will not have earned lots of money.
7. Will they have earned lots of Money, by next week?
10. The Continuous Perfect Present Tense
(ચાલુ પૂર્ણ વર્તમાનકાળ)
- વર્તમાન માં અમુક સમય થી ક્રિયા થઇ રહી છે કે અમુક સમય થી ક્રિયા થઇ રહી નથી તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I have been eating pizza.
S + Has/Have + Been + V1 + ing + O
I have not been eating pizza
S + Has/Have + Not + Been + V1 + ing + O
Have I been eating pizza?
Has/Have + S + Been + V1 + ing + O
I have been walking.
You have been walking.
He has been walking.
She has been walking.
It has been walking.
We have been walking.
They have been walking.
I haven't been walking.
He hasn't been walking.
Have you been walking?
Has he been walking?
1. I have been taking a dose of medicine for two weeks.
2. I have not been speaking to her for two weeks.
3. She has been trying to learn French for one month.
4. He has been discussing the interior design for two hours.
5. He has been working as an editor in this newspape since 2013.
6. She has been singing a song.
7. She has not been singing a song.
8. Has she been singing a song?
11. The Continuous Perfect Past Tense
(ચાલુ પૂર્ણ ભૂતકાળ)
- ભૂતકાળમાં અમુક સમયથી ક્રિયા થઇ રહી હતી કે થઇ રહી ન હતી તે દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I had been eating pizza.
S + Had + Been + V1 + ing + O
I had not been eating pizza.
S + Had + Not + Been + V1 + ing + O
Had I been eating pizza?
Had + S + Been + V1 + ing + O
I had been walking.
You had been walking.
He had been walking.
She had been walking.
It had been walking.
We had been walking.
They had been walking.
I hadn't been walking.
Had you been walking?
1. He had been playing hockey for two hours.
2. He had been making satisfactory progress since his admission to the college.
3. I had been working under the supervision of Mr. Williams.
4. She had been looking for her lost watch for two hours but she did not find it.
5. They had been being friend since childhood.
6. They had not been being friend since childhood.
7. Had they been being friend since childhood?
12. The Continuous Perfect future Tense
(ચાલુ પૂર્ણ ભવિષ્ય કાળ)
- ભવિષ્યમાં અમુક સમય થી ક્રિયા થઇ રહી છે કે અમુક સમય થી ક્રિયા થઇ રહી નથી તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે.
🧿 Structure 🧿
I will have been eating pizza.
S + Will + Have + Been + V1 + ing + O
I will not have been eating pizza.
S + Will + Not + Have + Been + V1 + ing + O
Will I have been eating pizza?
Will + S + Have + Been + V1 + ing + O
I will have been walking.
You will have been walking.
He will have been walking.
She will have been walking.
It will have been walking.
We will have been walking.
They will have been walking.
I won't have been walking.
Will you have been waking?
1. The guests will have been leaving the party for one hour.
2. The farmer will have been sowing crops since November.
3. He will have been painting his house since morning.
4. I will have been learning Spanish for two weeks.
5. My firm will have been progressing by leaps and bounds.
6. I will have been shopping on Tuesday.
7. I will not have been shopping on Tuesday.
8. Will I have been shopping on Tuesday?
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