 |
| Verbs in English |
Types of Verbs and Regular - Irregular Verbs.
क्रिया के भेद:
क्रिया (verb) के तीन मुख्य रूप
वाक्य में इस्तेमाल के हिसाब से क्रिया (verb) के तीन मुख्य रूप होते हैं। इन्हें समझने के लिए एक आसान तरीका है:
1. पहला रूप (First Form):
- यह क्रिया का मूल रूप होता है।
- इसका इस्तेमाल वर्तमान काल (present tense) में और आदेश वाले वाक्यों में होता है।
उदाहरण:
- I eat an apple. (मैं एक सेब खाता हूँ।)
- Go to the store. (दुकान पर जाओ।)
- She wants to learn. (वह सीखना चाहती है।)
- I walk to school every day.
- You can walk faster.
- We talk on the phone.
- They should talk about their problems.
2. दूसरा रूप (Second Form):
- यह क्रिया का भूतकाल (past tense) का रूप है।
- इसका इस्तेमाल तब होता है जब कोई काम खत्म हो चुका हो।
उदाहरण:
- I ate an apple yesterday. (मैंने कल एक सेब खाया।)
- She talked to him. (उसने उससे बात की।)
- We watched a movie. (हमने एक फिल्म देखी।)
- I walked to the park yesterday.
- She walked away from the crowd.
- We talked for hours last night.
- He talked about his trip to Paris.
3. तीसरा रूप (Third Form):
- इसे पास्ट पार्टिसिपल (past participle) भी कहते हैं।
- इसका इस्तेमाल अक्सर पूर्ण काल (perfect tense) और पैसिव वॉयस (passive voice) में होता है।
- इसमें "has," "have," या "had" जैसी सहायक क्रियाएं (helping verbs) लगती हैं।
उदाहरण:
- I have eaten an apple. (मैं एक सेब खा चुका हूँ।)
- The movie has been watched by many people. (यह फिल्म बहुत से लोगों द्वारा देखी जा चुकी है।)
- She had already gone. (वह पहले ही जा चुकी थी।)
- I have walked ten kilometers. (Present Perfect)
- The dog had walked home. (Past Perfect)
- We have talked about this before. (Present Perfect)
- They had talked to the manager. (Past Perfect)
[1] क्रिया का पहला रूप (First Form of Verb)
क्रिया का पहला रूप, जिसे बेस फॉर्म (base form) भी कहते हैं, किसी क्रिया का सबसे मूल रूप होता है। इसका इस्तेमाल कई तरह से होता है:
1. वर्तमान काल (Present Tense):- जब हम किसी आदत या रोज़ाना के काम के बारे में बात करते हैं (जैसे: I go to school every day.)।
- जब वाक्य का कर्ता (subject) बहुवचन (plural) हो (जैसे: They play cricket.)।
- जब कर्ता "I" या "You" हो (जैसे: I live in Delhi. You eat fast food.)।
2. भविष्य काल (Future Tense):
- "Will" के साथ (जैसे: She will sing a song.)।
- "Be going to" के साथ (जैसे: We are going to visit a museum.)।
3. अनिवार्य वाक्य (Imperative Sentences):
- जब हम किसी को आदेश, निर्देश या अनुरोध देते हैं (जैसे: Open the door. Sit down. Please help me.)
4. मॉडल क्रियाओं (Modal Verbs) के साथ:
- जैसे: can, could, may, might, must, should, would.
- इनके साथ हमेशा क्रिया का पहला रूप ही लगता है (जैसे: You should study hard. I can swim.)।
5. नकारात्मक और प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य (Negative and Interrogative Sentences):
- "Do" या "Does" के साथ (जैसे: I do not like coffee. Does she speak English?)
कुछ उदाहरण:
- Walk (चलना)
- Eat (खाना)
- Play (खेलना)
- Read (पढ़ना)
- Sing (गाना)
| First Form (V1) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
| Go | जाना |
| Eat | खाना |
| Play | खेलना |
| Write | लिखना |
| See | देखना |
| Drink | पीना |
| Run | दौड़ना |
| Come | आना |
| Study | पढ़ाई करना |
| Teach | पढ़ाना |
यह क्रिया का सबसे सरल रूप है, और इसी से दूसरे रूप (जैसे -ed या -ing वाले) बनते हैं।
[2] क्रिया का दूसरा रूप (Second Form of Verb)
"Second Form" में "Ed" लगाने के नियम:
जब हम किसी क्रिया (verb) को भूतकाल (past tense) में बदलते हैं, तो उसके अंत में "-ed" जोड़ते हैं। इसे "regular verb" कहते हैं।
यहाँ कुछ नियम दिए गए हैं:
1. सामान्य नियम: ज़्यादातर क्रियाओं में, बस अंत में -ed जोड़ दें।
- Walk → Walked
- Look → Looked
- Play → Played
- Start → Started
2. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "e" हो: सिर्फ़ -d जोड़ें।
- Live → Lived
- Like → Liked
- Love → Loved
- Arrive → Arrived
3. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "y" हो और उसके पहले एक व्यंजन (consonant) हो: "y" को हटाकर -ied लगाएँ।
- Study → Studied
- Try → Tried
- Cry → Cried
- Marry → Married
4.अगर क्रिया के अंत में "y" हो और उसके पहले एक स्वर (vowel - a, e, i, o, u) हो: सिर्फ़ -ed जोड़ें।
- Play → Played
- Enjoy → Enjoyed
- Stay → Stayed
5. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "व्यंजन + स्वर + व्यंजन" हो: अंतिम व्यंजन को दोहराकर -ed लगाएँ।
- Stop → Stopped
- Plan → Planned
- Travel → Travelled
- Rob → Robbed
कुछ ज़रूरी बातें:
- ये नियम सिर्फ़ "regular verbs" पर लागू होते हैं।
अंग्रेज़ी में कुछ क्रियाएँ "irregular verbs" होती हैं, जिनका भूतकाल रूप पूरी तरह से अलग होता है और उनमें -ed नहीं लगता।
- Go → Went
- Eat → Ate
- See → Saw
- Make → Made
Examples of Second Form Verbs:
| First Form (V1) | Second Form (V2) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
| Go | Went | जाना / गया |
| Eat | Ate | खाना / खाया |
| Play | Played | खेलना / खेला |
| Write | Wrote | लिखना / लिखा |
| See | Saw | देखना / देखा |
| Drink | Drank | पीना / पिया |
| Run | Ran | दौड़ना / दौड़ा |
| Come | Came | आना / आया |
| Build | Built | बनाना / बनाया |
| Teach | Taught | पढ़ाना / पढ़ाया |
[3] क्रिया का तीसरा रूप (Third Form of Verb)
क्रिया का तीसरा रूप, जिसे पास्ट पार्टिसिपल (past participle) भी कहते हैं, एक ऐसा रूप है जो वाक्यों में कई तरह से काम आता है। यह अक्सर "हैव" (have), "हैस" (has), या "हैड" (had) जैसी सहायक क्रियाओं के साथ इस्तेमाल होता है।
इस्तेमाल (Usage)
1. पूर्ण काल (Perfect Tenses): यह इसका सबसे आम उपयोग है।
- प्रेज़ेंट परफेक्ट टेंस (Present Perfect Tense): इस टेंस में "has" या "have" के साथ क्रिया का तीसरा रूप आता है। यह उन कामों के बारे में बताता है जो अभी-अभी पूरे हुए हैं या जिनका असर अभी भी है।
पास्ट परफेक्ट टेंस (Past Perfect Tense): इसमें "had" के साथ क्रिया का तीसरा रूप आता है। यह उन कामों के बारे में बताता है जो भूतकाल में किसी दूसरे काम से पहले पूरे हो चुके थे।
फ्यूचर परफेक्ट टेंस (Future Perfect Tense): इसमें "will have" के साथ क्रिया का तीसरा रूप आता है। यह उन कामों के बारे में बताता है जो भविष्य में किसी तय समय तक पूरे हो जाएंगे।
2. पैसिव वॉयस (Passive Voice): पैसिव वॉयस में, चाहे कोई भी टेंस हो, हमेशा क्रिया का तीसरा रूप ही इस्तेमाल होता है।
उदाहरण:- The book was written by him. (यह किताब उसके द्वारा लिखी गई थी।)
- A new bridge is being built by the government. (सरकार द्वारा एक नया पुल बनाया जा रहा है।)
तीसरा रूप कैसे बनता है?
1. रेगुलर क्रियाएं (Regular Verbs): इनका तीसरा रूप दूसरे रूप (Past Tense) जैसा ही होता है, यानी क्रिया के अंत में -ed लगाकर।
- Walk → Walked → Walked
- Play → Played → Played
- Listen → Listened → Listened
2. इरेगुलर क्रियाएं (Irregular Verbs): इनका तीसरा रूप अलग होता है और इसे याद करना पड़ता है।
- Go → Went → Gone
- Eat → Ate → Eaten
- See → Saw → Seen
- Write → Wrote → Written
यह जानना ज़रूरी है कि कौन सी क्रिया रेगुलर है और कौन सी इरेगुलर, ताकि आप सही रूप का इस्तेमाल कर सकें।
Here is a quick look at a few irregular verbs where the forms change completely:
| Base Form (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) |
| Go (जाना) | Went (गया/गए) | Gone (जा चुका) |
| Do (करना) | Did (किया) | Done (कर चुका) |
| See (देखना) | Saw (देखा) | Seen (देख चुका) |
let's practice using the three forms of verbs with a few examples.
[4] क्रिया का चौथा रूप (Fourth Form of Verb)
Forth form is not a standard grammatical term in English. The three main forms of a verb are the base form (V1), the past tense (V2), and the past participle (V3).
However, people sometimes use the term "fourth form" to refer to the present participle or "-ing" form of a verb. This form has a few different uses:
1. Continuous Tenses: It is used with a form of the verb "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) to show an action that is ongoing.
- I am listening to music.
- They were playing a game.
2. Gerund: The "-ing" form can function as a noun, referring to an activity.
- Swimming is my favorite hobby.
- I enjoy reading books.
3. Adjective: The "-ing" form can also describe a noun.
- The movie was interesting.
- He saw a running dog.
क्रियाओं (verbs) में "-ing" लगाने के नियम:
जब हम किसी क्रिया में "-ing" लगाते हैं, तो वह उसका Present Participle रूप बन जाता है। इसका उपयोग मुख्य रूप से चल रहे कामों को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
यहाँ कुछ नियम दिए गए हैं:
1. सामान्य नियम: ज़्यादातर क्रियाओं में, बस अंत में "-ing" जोड़ दें।
- Talk → Talking
- Read → Reading
- Play → Playing
- Learn → Learning
2. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "e" हो: "e" को हटाकर "-ing" लगाएँ।
- Come → Coming
- Live → Living
- Write → Writing
- Make → Making
अपवाद: अगर क्रिया के अंत में "-ee" हो, तो "e" नहीं हटाते।
- See → Seeing
- Flee → Fleeing
3. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "व्यंजन + स्वर + व्यंजन" हो: अंतिम व्यंजन को दोहराकर "-ing" लगाएँ।
- Stop → Stopping
- Run → Running
- Sit → Sitting
- Swim → Swimming
अपवाद: अगर अंतिम अक्षर "w", "x", या "y" हो, तो उसे नहीं दोहराते।
- Fix → Fixing
- Play → Playing
- Grow → Growing
4. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "-ie" हो: "-ie" को हटाकर "-y" लगाएँ और फिर "-ing" जोड़ें।
- Lie → Lying
- Die → Dying
- Tie → Tying
ये नियम आपको क्रियाओं का "-ing" रूप सही तरीके से बनाने में मदद करेंगे।
[5] क्रिया का पांचवा रूप (Fifth Form of Verb)
In English grammar, there is no official "fifth form" of a verb. The standard model includes only three main forms:
- Base Form (V1): The root of the verb (e.g., eat, work, go).
- Past Simple (V2): The form used for actions completed in the past (e.g., ate, worked, went).
- Past Participle (V3): The form used in perfect tenses and passive voice (e.g., eaten, worked, gone).
However, some non-traditional classifications may refer to other verb forms for simplicity, such as:
- "Fourth form": The -ing form or present participle (e.g., eating, working, going).
- "Fifth form": The third-person singular present form (e.g., eats, works, goes), which is used for present tense actions with singular subjects like he, she, or it.
This "fifth form" is created by adding an -s or -es to the base form of the verb.
Rules for Adding -s or -es
-s या -es लगाने के नियम अंग्रेजी व्याकरण से संबंधित हैं, खासकर क्रिया के पाँचवे रूप (Fifth form) के लिए, जिसे third-person singular present भी कहते हैं। यह रूप तब इस्तेमाल होता है जब वाक्य का कर्ता (subject) he, she, it, या कोई एकवचन संज्ञा (singular noun) हो।
S/ES लगाने के नियम
1. सामान्य नियम: ज़्यादातर क्रियाओं में, बस अंत में -s जोड़ें।
- He eats.
- She walks.
- It rains.
2. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "-s", "-ss", "-sh", "-ch", "-x", या "-z" हो: अंत में -es जोड़ें।
- He passes the ball.
- She washes her clothes.
- It catches the mouse.
- He fixes the car.
3. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "व्यंजन + y" हो: "-y" को हटाकर "-ies" जोड़ें।
- She studies every night.
- He cries when he's sad.
4. अगर क्रिया के अंत में "स्वर + y" हो: बस -s जोड़ें।
- He plays the guitar.
- She enjoys her job.
इन नियमों को याद रखने से आप वर्तमान काल (present tense) में सही क्रिया रूप का इस्तेमाल कर पाएंगे।
1. Irregular Verbs in English
Group 1: All three forms are the same.
These verbs don't change at all, which can make them tricky to spot.
Examples:
- cut - cut - cut
- hit - hit - hit
- put - put - put
V1, V2 અને V3 ત્રણે સરખા
| 1. | Bid → Bid → Bid |
| 2. | Burst → Burst → Burst |
| 3. | Cast → Cast → Cast |
| 4. | Cost → Cost → Cost |
| 5. | Cut → Cut - Cut |
| 6. | Hit - Hit - Hit |
| 7. | Hurt → Hurt → Hurt |
| 8. | Knit → Knit → Knit |
| 9. | Put → Put → Put |
| 10. | Quit → Quit → Quit |
| 11. | Read → Read → Read |
| 12. | Set → Set → Set |
| 13. | Shed → Shed → Shed |
| 14. | Shut → Shut → Shut |
| 15. | Spit → Spit → Spit |
| 16. | Split → Split → Split |
| 17. | Spread → Spread → Spread |
| 18. | Thrust → Thrust → Thrust |
| 19. | Upset → Upset → Upset |
2. Irregular Verbs in English
Group 2: All three forms are different.
These verbs are the most challenging to learn because each form is unique.
Examples:
- break - broke - broken
- drink - drank - drunk
- fly - flew - flown
V1, V2 અને V3 ત્રણે અલગ
| 1. | Bear → Bore → Born |
| 2. | Begin → Began → Begun |
| 3. | Bite → Bit → Bitten |
| 4. | Blow → Blew → Blown |
| 5. | Break → Broke - Broken |
| 6. | Choose - Chose - Chosen |
| 7. | Come → Came → Come |
| 8. | Do → Did → Done |
| 9. | Draw → Drew → Drawn |
| 10. | Drink → Drank → Drunk |
| 11. | Drive → Drove → Driven |
| 12. | Eat → Ate → Eaten |
| 13. | Fall → Fell → Fallen |
| 14. | Fly → Flew → Flown |
| 15. | Forget → Forgot → Forgotten |
| 16. | Forgive → Forgave → Forgiven |
| 17. | Give → Gave → Given |
| 18. | Go → Went → Gone |
| 19. | Grow → Grew → Grown |
| 20. | Know → Knew → Known |
| 21. | Ring → Rang → Rung |
| 22. | Rise → Rose → Risen |
| 23. | See → Saw → Seen |
| 24. | Sing → Sang → Sung |
| 25. | Speak → Spoke - Spoken |
| 26. | Swim → Swam → Swum |
| 27. | Take → Took → Taken |
| 28. | Undo → Undid → Undone |
| 29. | Wear → Wore → Worn |
| 30. | Write → Wrote - Written |
3. Irregular Verbs in English
Group 3: The V2 and V3 forms are the same.
This is a very common type of irregular verb.
Examples:
- build - built - built
- buy - bought - bought
- keep - kept - kept
V2 અને V3 બંને સરખા
| 1. | Awake → Awoke → Awoke |
| 2. | Bend → Bent → Bent |
| 3. | Bind → Bound → Bound |
| 4. | Bring → Brought → Brought |
| 5. | Build → Built → Built |
| 6. | Buy → Bought → Bought |
| 7. | Catch → Caught → Caught |
| 8. | Cling → Clung → Clung |
| 9. | Creep → Crept → Crept |
| 10. | Deal → Dealt → Dealt |
| 11. | Dig → dug → dug |
| 12. | Dwell → Dwelt → Dwelt |
| 13. | Feed → Fed → Fed |
| 14. | Feel → Felt → Felt |
| 15. | Fling → Flung → Flung |
| 16. | Get → Got → Got |
| 17. | Have → Had → Had |
| 18. | Hide → Hid → Hid |
| 19. | Hold → Held → Held |
| 20. | Keep → Kept → Kept |
| 21 | Kneel → Knelt → Knelt |
| 22. | Lead → Led → Led |
| 23. | Lean → Leant → Leant |
| 24. | Leap → Leapt → Leapt |
| 25. | Learn → Leant - Leant |
| 26. | Leave → Left → Left |
| 27. | Lend → Lent → Lent |
| 28. | Loose → Lost → Lost |
| 29. | May → Might → Might |
| 30. | Mean → Meant → Meant |
| 31 | Pay → Paid → Paid |
| 32. | Rend → Rent → Rent |
| 33. | Say → Said → Said |
| 34. | Sell → Sold → Sold |
| 35. | Send → Sent - Sent |
| 36. | Shine → Shone → Shone |
| 37. | Shoot → Shot → Shot |
| 38. | Sit → Sat → Sat |
| 39. | Sleep → Slept → Slept |
| 40. | Slide → Slid → Slid |
| 41 | Sling → Slung → Slung |
| 42. | Spend → Spent → Spent |
| 43. | Stand → Stood → Stood |
| 44. | Sting → Stung → Stung |
| 45. | Strike → Struck - Struck |
| 46. | String → Strung → Strung |
| 47. | Sweap → Swept → Swept |
| 48. | Swing → Swung → Swung |
| 49. | Tell → Told → Told |
| 50. | Win → Won → Won |
| 51. | Wring → Wrung → Wrung |
Irregular Verbs (Common Examples)
Here's a list of some frequently used irregular verbs, their past tense (V2), past participle (V3), and Gujarati meaning.
| Verb (V1) | Past Tense (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Gujarati Meaning |
| be | was, were | been | હોવું |
| become | became | become | બનવું, થવું |
| begin | began | begun | શરૂ કરવું, શરૂ થવું |
| break | broke | broken | તોડવું |
| bring | brought | brought | લાવવું |
| buy | bought | bought | ખરીદવું |
| come | came | come | આવવું |
| do | did | done | કરવું |
| drink | drank | drunk | પીવું |
| eat | ate | eaten | ખાવું |
| find | found | found | શોધવું, મેળવવું |
| get | got | gotten/got | મેળવવું |
| give | gave | given | આપવું |
| go | went | gone | જવું |
| have | had | had | પાસે હોવું |
| make | made | made | બનાવવું |
| read | read | read | વાંચવું |
| run | ran | run | દોડવું |
| say | said | said | કહેવું |
| see | saw | seen | જોવું |
| sing | sang | sung | ગાવું |
| sleep | slept | slept | સુવું |
| speak | spoke | spoken | બોલવું |
| take | took | taken | લેવું |
| think | thought | thought | વિચારવું |
| win | won | won | જીતવું |
| write | wrote | written | લખવું |
What are Irregular Verbs?
An irregular verb is a verb that does not follow the standard pattern of adding "-ed" to form its simple past (V2) and past participle (V3) forms. Instead, irregular verbs change their form in various ways, such as:
- Changing the vowel:
sing->sang->sung - Changing the ending:
make->made->made - Staying the same:
put->put->put
Regular verbs
Common Regular Verbs: V1, V2, V3 & Gujarati Meaning 1 to 20
| Base Form (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Gujarati Meaning |
| Accept | Accepted | Accepted | સ્વીકારવું |
| Achieve | Achieved | Achieved | પ્રાપ્ત કરવું |
| Add | Added | Added | ઉમેરવું |
| Admire | Admired | Admired | પ્રશંસા કરવી |
| Advise | Advised | Advised | સલાહ આપવી |
| Agree | Agreed | Agreed | સહમત થવું |
| Allow | Allowed | Allowed | પરવાનગી આપવી |
| Announce | Announced | Announced | જાહેરાત કરવી |
| Arrive | Arrived | Arrived | પહોંચવું |
| Ask | Asked | Asked | પૂછવું |
| Believe | Believed | Believed | માનવું |
| Belong | Belonged | Belonged | સંબંધ રાખવો |
| Call | Called | Called | બોલાવવું |
| Carry | Carried | Carried | લઈ જવું |
| Change | Changed | Changed | બદલવું |
| Clean | Cleaned | Cleaned | સાફ કરવું |
| Close | Closed | Closed | બંધ કરવું |
| Collect | Collected | Collected | એકત્ર કરવું |
| Complete | Completed | Completed | પૂર્ણ કરવું |
| Consider | Considered | Considered | વિચારવું |
Regular verbs with their V1, V2, and V3 forms.
20 regular verbs as a continuation of the previous list.
More Common Regular Verbs: V1, V2, V3 & Gujarati Meaning 21 to 40
| Base Form (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Gujarati Meaning |
| Cook | Cooked | Cooked | રાંધવું |
| Copy | Copied | Copied | નકલ કરવી |
| Correct | Corrected | Corrected | સુધારવું |
| Count | Counted | Counted | ગણવું |
| Cover | Covered | Covered | ઢાંકવું |
| Create | Created | Created | બનાવવું |
| Cry | Cried | Cried | રડવું |
| Dance | Danced | Danced | નૃત્ય કરવું |
| Decide | Decided | Decided | નક્કી કરવું |
| Deliver | Delivered | Delivered | પહોંચાડવું |
| Depend | Depended | Depended | આધાર રાખવો |
| Describe | Described | Described | વર્ણન કરવું |
| Destroy | Destroyed | Destroyed | નાશ કરવો |
| Develop | Developed | Developed | વિકાસ કરવો |
| Discover | Discovered | Discovered | શોધવું |
| Divide | Divided | Divided | ભાગ પાડવો |
| Dream | Dreamed | Dreamed | સ્વપ્ન જોવું |
| Earn | Earned | Earned | કમાવવું |
| Employ | Employed | Employed | નોકરી આપવી |
| Enjoy | Enjoyed | Enjoyed | આનંદ માણવો |
My blog
0 Comments