Number (Singular & Plural) in English Grammar in Hindi
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📑 Table of Contents
What is Number? (Number क्या होता है?)
English Grammar में Number एक ऐसा व्याकरणिक विषय है जो यह बताता है कि किसी Noun या Pronoun द्वारा एक व्यक्ति, एक वस्तु या एक से अधिक व्यक्ति अथवा वस्तुओं का बोध कराया जा रहा है।
यदि किसी शब्द से केवल एक व्यक्ति, पशु, स्थान या वस्तु का पता चलता है तो उसे Singular Number कहा जाता है।
यदि किसी शब्द से एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, पशु, स्थान या वस्तुओं का बोध होता है तो उसे Plural Number कहा जाता है।
Number is the grammatical form of a noun or pronoun that tells whether it refers to one person, place, animal or thing, or more than one.
Number केवल Noun तक सीमित नहीं है। इसका प्रभाव Pronoun, Verb तथा Sentence Structure पर भी पड़ता है। इसलिए English Grammar सीखने के लिए Number की सही समझ होना अत्यंत आवश्यक है।
Types of Number (Number के प्रकार)
English Grammar में मुख्य रूप से Number दो प्रकार का होता है।
| Type | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Singular Number | एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या पशु |
| Plural Number | एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या पशु |
- Boy → Boys
- Girl → Girls
- Book → Books
- Dog → Dogs
- Tree → Trees
Number सीखना क्यों आवश्यक है?
बहुत से विद्यार्थी English Grammar पढ़ते समय Tense, Verb और Sentence Structure पर तो ध्यान देते हैं, लेकिन Number के नियमों को नज़रअंदाज़ कर देते हैं। यही कारण है कि वे बोलते और लिखते समय छोटी-छोटी गलतियाँ कर बैठते हैं।
उदाहरण के लिए—
✅ He has a book.
ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरण में Verb का चुनाव Number और Subject के अनुसार किया गया है। यदि Number की जानकारी नहीं होगी, तो सही Verb का प्रयोग भी कठिन हो जाएगा।
Number का उपयोग कहाँ-कहाँ होता है?
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Verbs
- Subject Verb Agreement
- Articles (A, An, The)
- Determiners
- Sentence Formation
- Daily English Speaking
- Competitive Exams
- School एवं College Exams
Real Life Examples
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| One Apple | Many Apples |
| One Student | Many Students |
| One Child | Many Children |
| One Man | Many Men |
| One Woman | Many Women |
ध्यान दें कि कुछ शब्दों में केवल s या es जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है, जबकि कुछ शब्द पूरी तरह बदल जाते हैं। इन सभी नियमों को हम अगले Parts में विस्तार से सीखेंगे।
Singular Number (एकवचन) क्या होता है?
यदि किसी Noun या Pronoun से केवल एक व्यक्ति, एक वस्तु, एक स्थान, एक पशु या एक विचार का बोध होता है, तो उसे Singular Number (एकवचन) कहते हैं।
A Singular Number refers to only one person, one place, one animal, one thing or one idea.
जिस शब्द से केवल एक व्यक्ति, एक वस्तु, एक स्थान, एक पशु या एक विचार का बोध हो, उसे Singular Number कहते हैं।
Singular Number को कैसे पहचानें?
Singular Number की पहचान करना बहुत आसान है। यदि कोई शब्द केवल एक चीज़ का संकेत देता है, तो वह Singular होगा।
| Word | Meaning | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Boy | एक लड़का | Singular |
| Girl | एक लड़की | Singular |
| Book | एक किताब | Singular |
| Dog | एक कुत्ता | Singular |
| Tree | एक पेड़ | Singular |
| Student | एक विद्यार्थी | Singular |
Singular Number के मुख्य उदाहरण
| Singular | Hindi Meaning |
|---|---|
| Apple | एक सेब |
| Chair | एक कुर्सी |
| Pen | एक पेन |
| Pencil | एक पेंसिल |
| Teacher | एक शिक्षक |
| Doctor | एक डॉक्टर |
| Farmer | एक किसान |
| Bird | एक पक्षी |
| Cat | एक बिल्ली |
| Car | एक कार |
| Bottle | एक बोतल |
| Computer | एक कंप्यूटर |
| Mobile | एक मोबाइल |
| Fan | एक पंखा |
| Flower | एक फूल |
Singular Number का प्रयोग कहाँ होता है?
English Grammar में Singular Number का प्रयोग अनेक स्थानों पर किया जाता है।
- Singular Noun के साथ
- Singular Pronoun के साथ
- Singular Verb के साथ
- Articles (A / An)
- This / That
- Every / Each
- Either / Neither
- One
Articles के साथ Singular Number
A तथा An का प्रयोग हमेशा Singular Countable Noun के साथ किया जाता है।
| Article | Example |
|---|---|
| A | A Boy, A Pen, A Mango |
| An | An Apple, An Orange, An Umbrella |
A तथा An का प्रयोग कभी भी Plural Noun के साथ नहीं किया जाता।
Singular Subject + Singular Verb
यदि Subject Singular हो तो उसके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
| Correct | Wrong |
|---|---|
| He goes to school. | He go to school. |
| She likes tea. | She like tea. |
| The boy plays cricket. | The boy play cricket. |
| Ram works hard. | Ram work hard. |
Daily Use Sentences (25 Examples)
- The boy is playing.
- The girl is singing.
- The cat is sleeping.
- The dog is barking.
- The bird is flying.
- The sun rises in the east.
- The moon looks beautiful.
- Ram is my friend.
- Sita is reading a book.
- The teacher teaches English.
- A doctor helps patients.
- A farmer grows crops.
- The baby is crying.
- The bus is coming.
- The train is late.
- The flower smells nice.
- The computer is working.
- The mobile is expensive.
- The chair is broken.
- The table is clean.
- The child is happy.
- The student studies daily.
- The player runs fast.
- The monkey climbs the tree.
- The horse runs quickly.
Students द्वारा की जाने वाली सामान्य गलतियाँ
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| He go. | He goes. |
| She eat. | She eats. |
| A Apples | An Apple |
| A Boys | A Boy |
| These book | This book |
| This books | These books |
Exam Point ⭐
- Singular Number हमेशा केवल एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान को दर्शाता है।
- Singular Subject के साथ Singular Verb आती है।
- A और An केवल Singular Countable Noun के साथ प्रयोग होते हैं।
- This तथा That Singular Nouns के साथ प्रयोग होते हैं।
- Competitive Exams में Singular और Plural से जुड़े प्रश्न बहुत पूछे जाते हैं।
Advanced Rules of Singular Number
अब तक आपने Singular Number की Basic जानकारी प्राप्त की। अब हम उन महत्वपूर्ण नियमों को सीखेंगे जो School Exams, Competitive Exams तथा English Speaking में सबसे अधिक उपयोग किए जाते हैं।
Rule 1 : Each के साथ हमेशा Singular Noun एवं Singular Verb
Each का अर्थ होता है प्रत्येक। Each के बाद हमेशा Singular Noun तथा Singular Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
- Each student is present.
- Each boy has a bag.
- Each girl sings well.
- Each player wears a uniform.
- Each child gets a prize.
Rule 2 : Every के साथ Singular Verb
Every का अर्थ होता है हर। इसके बाद हमेशा Singular Noun और Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है।
- Every student is ready.
- Every child likes toys.
- Every teacher works hard.
- Every player is fit.
- Every house has electricity.
Rule 3 : One के साथ Singular Noun
One हमेशा एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु को दर्शाता है, इसलिए इसके बाद Singular Noun आता है।
| Correct | Wrong |
|---|---|
| One book | One books |
| One boy | One boys |
| One apple | One apples |
Rule 4 : Either / Neither के साथ Singular Verb
जब Either या Neither अकेले Subject के रूप में प्रयोग होते हैं, तब इनके साथ Singular Verb आती है।
- Either answer is correct.
- Neither student is absent.
- Either road leads to the station.
- Neither player is ready.
- Either option works well.
Rule 5 : This और That के साथ Singular Noun
| Word | Example |
|---|---|
| This | This book is new. |
| That | That boy is my friend. |
✅ This book
Uncountable Nouns भी Singular माने जाते हैं
कुछ Nouns गिने नहीं जा सकते, इसलिए वे सामान्यतः Singular माने जाते हैं।
| Uncountable Noun | Example |
|---|---|
| Water | Water is precious. |
| Milk | Milk is healthy. |
| Rice | Rice is cooked. |
| Sugar | Sugar is sweet. |
| Furniture | Furniture is expensive. |
| Advice | Your advice is useful. |
| Information | The information is correct. |
| Knowledge | Knowledge is power. |
Collective Nouns (समूहवाचक संज्ञा)
Collective Noun एक समूह को दर्शाता है, लेकिन उसे एक इकाई (Single Unit) माना जाता है, इसलिए सामान्यतः Singular Verb आती है।
- The team is playing well.
- The committee has decided.
- The family is happy.
- The class is silent.
- The crowd is excited.
40+ Additional Singular Examples
| English Sentence | Hindi Meaning |
|---|---|
| The boy is honest. | लड़का ईमानदार है। |
| The girl dances well. | लड़की अच्छा नाचती है। |
| The lion is strong. | शेर शक्तिशाली है। |
| The elephant is huge. | हाथी विशाल है। |
| The flower is beautiful. | फूल सुंदर है। |
| The baby is sleeping. | बच्चा सो रहा है। |
| The teacher explains well. | शिक्षक अच्छी तरह समझाते हैं। |
| The doctor is busy. | डॉक्टर व्यस्त है। |
| The engineer works here. | इंजीनियर यहाँ काम करता है। |
| The farmer grows wheat. | किसान गेहूँ उगाता है। |
| The bird sings. | पक्षी गाता है। |
| The horse runs fast. | घोड़ा तेज दौड़ता है। |
| The monkey climbs. | बंदर चढ़ता है। |
| The bus arrives. | बस आती है। |
| The train stops. | ट्रेन रुकती है। |
| The car is clean. | कार साफ है। |
| The pen writes smoothly. | पेन अच्छी तरह लिखता है। |
| The clock shows time. | घड़ी समय बताती है। |
| The tree gives shade. | पेड़ छाया देता है। |
| The sun shines brightly. | सूर्य तेज चमकता है। |
Common Mistakes
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Each students are present. | Each student is present. |
| Every boys play. | Every boy plays. |
| One books | One book |
| This pens | This pen |
| Advice are useful. | Advice is useful. |
| Furniture are costly. | Furniture is costly. |
Practice Exercise
निम्न वाक्यों में सही विकल्प चुनिए।
- Each student (is/are) ready.
- Every child (likes/like) chocolate.
- One (book/books) is missing.
- This (pen/pens) belongs to me.
- The information (is/are) correct.
- The furniture (is/are) expensive.
- Neither player (is/are) injured.
- Either answer (is/are) acceptable.
- The team (is/are) winning.
- Every teacher (works/work) sincerely.
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- Each, Every, Either, Neither और One के बाद हमेशा Singular Noun तथा Singular Verb आती है।
- This तथा That केवल Singular Nouns के साथ प्रयोग होते हैं।
- Advice, Information, Furniture, Knowledge, Water, Milk आदि सामान्यतः Singular माने जाते हैं।
- Collective Nouns प्रायः Singular Verb लेते हैं जब समूह को एक इकाई माना जाए।
- Subject-Verb Agreement के प्रश्नों में Singular Number के नियम सबसे अधिक पूछे जाते हैं।
Plural Number (बहुवचन) क्या होता है?
यदि किसी Noun या Pronoun से एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान, पशु या विचार का बोध होता है, तो उसे Plural Number (बहुवचन) कहते हैं।
A Plural Number refers to more than one person, place, animal, thing or idea.
जिस शब्द से एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, पशु, स्थान या विचार का बोध हो, उसे Plural Number कहते हैं।
Plural Number की पहचान कैसे करें?
यदि किसी शब्द से संख्या एक से अधिक दिखाई देती है, तो वह Plural Number होता है।
| Singular | Plural | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Boy | Boys | लड़के |
| Girl | Girls | लड़कियाँ |
| Book | Books | किताबें |
| Pen | Pens | पेन |
| Dog | Dogs | कुत्ते |
| Chair | Chairs | कुर्सियाँ |
Plural Number बनाने के सामान्य नियम
अधिकांश English Nouns का Plural बनाने के लिए उनके अंत में केवल s जोड़ दिया जाता है।
यदि कोई Noun सामान्य अक्षर पर समाप्त होता है, तो उसके अंत में s जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है।
Rule 1 : Add "S"
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Boy | Boys |
| Girl | Girls |
| Book | Books |
| Pen | Pens |
| Pencil | Pencils |
| Chair | Chairs |
| Table | Tables |
| Car | Cars |
| Bus Stop | Bus Stops |
| Road | Roads |
| Teacher | Teachers |
| Doctor | Doctors |
| Student | Students |
| Farmer | Farmers |
| Flower | Flowers |
| Tree | Trees |
| Cup | Cups |
| Bottle | Bottles |
| Bag | Bags |
| Window | Windows |
Examples using "S"
- I have two books.
- There are many boys.
- The girls are singing.
- My friends are here.
- These pens are blue.
- The cars are new.
- The teachers are kind.
- The students are studying.
- The flowers are beautiful.
- The tables are clean.
- The bags are heavy.
- The bottles are empty.
- The roads are wide.
- The trees are green.
- The doctors are busy.
Rule 2 : Add "ES"
यदि कोई Noun s, ss, sh, ch, x, z पर समाप्त होता है, तो उसके अंत में केवल es जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है।
| Ending | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| s | Bus | Buses |
| ss | Class | Classes |
| sh | Brush | Brushes |
| ch | Watch | Watches |
| x | Box | Boxes |
| z | Quiz | Quizzes |
More Examples of "ES"
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Bus | Buses |
| Class | Classes |
| Glass | Glasses |
| Brush | Brushes |
| Dish | Dishes |
| Watch | Watches |
| Match | Matches |
| Box | Boxes |
| Fox | Foxes |
| Quiz | Quizzes |
Daily Use Sentences (Plural Number)
- The boys are playing cricket.
- The girls are dancing.
- The books are on the table.
- My friends are waiting.
- The buses are late today.
- The classes start at 8 a.m.
- The watches are expensive.
- The boxes are heavy.
- The dishes are clean.
- The teachers are teaching.
- The students are writing.
- The dogs are barking.
- The birds are flying.
- The flowers smell sweet.
- The trees give shade.
- The cars are parked outside.
- The bottles are full.
- The pencils are sharp.
- The bags are new.
- The roads are crowded.
Common Mistakes
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Two book | Two books |
| Three boy | Three boys |
| Many bus | Many buses |
| Several class | Several classes |
| Five watch | Five watches |
| Some box | Some boxes |
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- अधिकांश Nouns का Plural s जोड़कर बनता है।
- s, ss, sh, ch, x, z पर समाप्त होने वाले Nouns में es जोड़ा जाता है।
- Plural Subject के साथ सामान्यतः Plural Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
- Exam में सबसे पहले Regular Plural Rules से प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
- Daily English Speaking में Singular और Plural का सही प्रयोग बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Rule 3 : Noun का अंत Consonant + y से हो तो y → ies
यदि किसी Noun के अंत में Consonant + y हो, तो Plural बनाते समय y हटाकर ies लगाया जाता है।
Consonant + y → ies
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Baby | Babies |
| City | Cities |
| Story | Stories |
| Lady | Ladies |
| Country | Countries |
| Family | Families |
| Party | Parties |
| Army | Armies |
| Factory | Factories |
| Library | Libraries |
Exception : Vowel + y होने पर केवल s जोड़ते हैं
यदि y से पहले a, e, i, o, u (Vowel) हो, तो y नहीं हटाया जाता। केवल s जोड़ा जाता है।
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Boy | Boys |
| Toy | Toys |
| Day | Days |
| Key | Keys |
| Monkey | Monkeys |
| Valley | Valleys |
| Donkey | Donkeys |
Rule 4 : f या fe → ves
कुछ Nouns जिनका अंत f या fe से होता है, उनका Plural बनाते समय ves लगाया जाता है।
f / fe → ves
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Leaf | Leaves |
| Life | Lives |
| Knife | Knives |
| Wolf | Wolves |
| Wife | Wives |
| Half | Halves |
| Shelf | Shelves |
| Calf | Calves |
| Loaf | Loaves |
| Thief | Thieves |
Important Exceptions (f → s)
सभी f वाले शब्द ves नहीं बनाते। कुछ शब्दों में केवल s लगाया जाता है।
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Roof | Roofs |
| Chief | Chiefs |
| Belief | Beliefs |
| Safe | Safes |
| Proof | Proofs |
| Cliff | Cliffs |
Rule 5 : o से समाप्त होने वाले Nouns
कुछ Nouns के अंत में es लगाया जाता है, जबकि कुछ में केवल s लगता है।
o + es
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Hero | Heroes |
| Potato | Potatoes |
| Tomato | Tomatoes |
| Echo | Echoes |
| Mosquito | Mosquitoes |
o + s
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Photo | Photos |
| Piano | Pianos |
| Radio | Radios |
| Studio | Studios |
| Video | Videos |
40+ Daily Use Examples
- The babies are sleeping.
- The cities are crowded.
- The ladies are waiting.
- The stories are interesting.
- The countries are developing.
- The families are happy.
- The parties were successful.
- The libraries are open.
- The factories are working.
- The boys are playing.
- The toys are colourful.
- The monkeys are jumping.
- The valleys are beautiful.
- The donkeys are carrying loads.
- The keys are on the table.
- The leaves are falling.
- The knives are sharp.
- The wolves are dangerous.
- The wives are present.
- The shelves are full.
- The calves are healthy.
- The thieves escaped.
- The heroes were brave.
- The potatoes are fresh.
- The tomatoes are red.
- The echoes were loud.
- The mosquitoes are everywhere.
- The photos are clear.
- The radios are old.
- The pianos are expensive.
- The studios are modern.
- The videos are useful.
- The roofs are strong.
- The chiefs attended the meeting.
- The beliefs are different.
- The safes are locked.
- The proofs are correct.
- The cliffs are high.
- The books are useful.
- The students are ready.
Common Mistakes
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Babys | Babies |
| Citys | Cities |
| Leafs | Leaves |
| Knifes | Knives |
| Potatos | Potatoes |
| Tomatos | Tomatoes |
| Heros | Heroes |
| Phot oes | Photos |
Practice Exercise
निम्न Singular शब्दों का सही Plural लिखिए:
- Baby = __________
- City = __________
- Family = __________
- Knife = __________
- Leaf = __________
- Wolf = __________
- Hero = __________
- Potato = __________
- Photo = __________
- Radio = __________
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- Consonant + y ⇒ ies (Baby → Babies)
- Vowel + y ⇒ s (Boy → Boys)
- कुछ f / fe वाले शब्द ⇒ ves (Knife → Knives)
- लेकिन Roof, Chief, Belief आदि में केवल s लगता है।
- Hero, Potato, Tomato ⇒ es
- Photo, Piano, Radio, Studio, Video ⇒ केवल s
- Competitive Exams में इन Exceptions से अक्सर प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
Irregular Plurals (अनियमित बहुवचन)
अब तक आपने Regular Plural Rules (S, ES, IES, VES) पढ़े। लेकिन English Grammar में कुछ ऐसे Nouns भी होते हैं जिनका Plural सामान्य नियमों से नहीं बनता। इन्हें Irregular Plurals कहा जाता है।
Those nouns whose plural forms do not follow the normal rules of adding s or es are called Irregular Plurals.
Most Important Irregular Plurals
| Singular | Plural | Hindi Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Man | Men | पुरुष |
| Woman | Women | महिलाएँ |
| Child | Children | बच्चे |
| Foot | Feet | पैर |
| Tooth | Teeth | दाँत |
| Goose | Geese | हंस |
| Mouse | Mice | चूहे |
| Louse | Lice | जूएँ |
| Ox | Oxen | बैल |
| Person | People | लोग |
| Die | Dice | पासा |
| Penny | Pence | पैसे |
Examples of Irregular Plurals
- The men are working.
- The women are cooking.
- The children are playing.
- My feet are cold.
- His teeth are white.
- The geese are swimming.
- The mice are hiding.
- The oxen are pulling the cart.
- Many people attended the meeting.
- The dice are on the table.
Foreign Plurals (विदेशी शब्दों के बहुवचन)
English भाषा में कई शब्द Latin, Greek तथा अन्य भाषाओं से लिए गए हैं। इनका Plural सामान्य नियमों से नहीं बनता।
Common Foreign Plurals
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Criterion | Criteria |
| Phenomenon | Phenomena |
| Datum | Data |
| Bacterium | Bacteria |
| Medium | Media |
| Memorandum | Memoranda |
| Curriculum | Curricula |
| Analysis | Analyses |
| Basis | Bases |
| Crisis | Crises |
| Thesis | Theses |
| Axis | Axes |
| Index | Indices / Indexes |
| Appendix | Appendices |
| Cactus | Cacti |
| Fungus | Fungi |
| Nucleus | Nuclei |
| Radius | Radii |
| Alumnus | Alumni |
| Syllabus | Syllabi |
Examples of Foreign Plurals
- The criteria are clear.
- Many phenomena occur in nature.
- The data are useful.
- Bacteria are everywhere.
- The media are reporting the news.
- Several analyses were completed.
- Many crises affected the economy.
- The nuclei are visible under the microscope.
- The cacti survive in deserts.
- The fungi grow in damp places.
Same Singular and Plural Words
कुछ English Nouns ऐसे होते हैं जिनका Singular और Plural रूप बिल्कुल समान रहता है।
| Word | Singular Example | Plural Example |
|---|---|---|
| Sheep | A sheep is grazing. | Many sheep are grazing. |
| Deer | A deer is running. | Many deer are running. |
| Fish* | A fish is swimming. | Many fish are swimming. |
| Aircraft | An aircraft is landing. | Many aircraft are landing. |
| Spacecraft | A spacecraft is ready. | Many spacecraft are ready. |
| Salmon | A salmon is caught. | Many salmon are caught. |
| Series | This series is popular. | These series are popular. |
| Species | This species is rare. | Many species are endangered. |
"Fishes" का प्रयोग भी होता है, लेकिन तब जब अलग-अलग प्रकार (species) की मछलियों की बात की जाती है। सामान्य स्थिति में "Fish" ही Singular और Plural दोनों होता है।
Daily Use Examples (30+)
- The children are happy.
- The men are working hard.
- The women are shopping.
- The mice are hiding.
- The geese are flying.
- The people welcomed the guest.
- The oxen are strong.
- My feet are cold.
- Your teeth are clean.
- The criteria are important.
- The data are accurate.
- The bacteria are harmful.
- The media are active.
- The analyses were correct.
- The crises affected everyone.
- The nuclei divided rapidly.
- The fungi grow quickly.
- The cacti need little water.
- The sheep are grazing.
- The deer are running.
- The fish are swimming.
- The aircraft are ready.
- The spacecraft are modern.
- Many species are protected.
- Several series became famous.
- The salmon swim upstream.
- The people are celebrating.
- The children study together.
- The women help each other.
- The men completed the work.
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- Man → Men, Woman → Women, Child → Children सबसे महत्वपूर्ण Irregular Plurals हैं।
- Person → People तथा Mouse → Mice Competitive Exams में बार-बार पूछे जाते हैं।
- Criterion → Criteria, Analysis → Analyses, Crisis → Crises जैसे Foreign Plurals याद रखें।
- Sheep, Deer, Fish, Aircraft, Species, Series का Singular और Plural एक जैसा होता है।
- Banking, SSC, Railway, Police, NDA, CDS तथा School Exams में इन शब्दों से प्रश्न अक्सर पूछे जाते हैं।
Compound Nouns (संयुक्त संज्ञा)
जब दो या दो से अधिक शब्द मिलकर एक नया Noun बनाते हैं, तो उसे Compound Noun कहते हैं। ऐसे Nouns का Plural बनाने के विशेष नियम होते हैं।
Rule 1 : मुख्य (Main) Noun को Plural बनाइए
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Father-in-law | Fathers-in-law |
| Mother-in-law | Mothers-in-law |
| Brother-in-law | Brothers-in-law |
| Sister-in-law | Sisters-in-law |
| Passer-by | Passers-by |
| Commander-in-chief | Commanders-in-chief |
| Looker-on | Lookers-on |
Compound Noun में सामान्यतः मुख्य (Main) Noun का ही Plural बनाया जाता है।
Rule 2 : यदि Main Noun अंत में हो
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Bookcase | Bookcases |
| Bedroom | Bedrooms |
| Classroom | Classrooms |
| Blackboard | Blackboards |
| Toothbrush | Toothbrushes |
| Football | Footballs |
Nouns Always Used in Plural Form
कुछ Nouns हमेशा Plural Form में प्रयोग किए जाते हैं और इनके साथ सामान्यतः Plural Verb आती है।
| Word | Example |
|---|---|
| Scissors | The scissors are sharp. |
| Trousers | My trousers are new. |
| Jeans | These jeans are expensive. |
| Shorts | The shorts are clean. |
| Spectacles | His spectacles are broken. |
| Glasses | Your glasses are here. |
| Binoculars | The binoculars are useful. |
| Thanks | Thanks are due. |
| Goods | The goods are ready. |
| Clothes | The clothes are dry. |
Nouns Usually Used as Singular
| Word | Example |
|---|---|
| Furniture | The furniture is costly. |
| Information | The information is useful. |
| Advice | Your advice is valuable. |
| Luggage | The luggage is heavy. |
| Baggage | The baggage is ready. |
| Machinery | The machinery is modern. |
| Poetry | Poetry is beautiful. |
| Knowledge | Knowledge is power. |
Most Common Examination Mistakes
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Informations | Information |
| Advices | Advice |
| Furnitures | Furniture |
| Luggages | Luggage |
| Scissor | Scissors |
| Jean | Jeans |
| Brother-in-laws | Brothers-in-law |
| Passer-bys | Passers-by |
Practice Exercise
निम्न Singular शब्दों का सही Plural लिखिए:
- Father-in-law = __________
- Passer-by = __________
- Brother-in-law = __________
- Scissors = Singular? __________
- Information = Plural? __________
- Advice = Plural? __________
- Furniture = Plural? __________
- Jeans = Singular? __________
- Goods = Singular? __________
- Knowledge = Plural? __________
Mini MCQ Test
- Plural of Child is?
a) Childs
b) Children ✅
c) Childes
d) Childrens - Plural of Mouse is?
a) Mouses
b) Mousees
c) Mice ✅
d) Mices - Which word has the same Singular and Plural form?
a) Sheep ✅
b) Boy
c) Woman
d) Child - Correct plural of Father-in-law is?
a) Father-in-laws
b) Fathers-in-law ✅
c) Fathers-in-laws
d) Father-ins-law - Which noun is always Singular?
a) Jeans
b) Clothes
c) Advice ✅
d) Scissors
Complete Chapter Revision
- Singular = एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान।
- Plural = एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान।
- Regular Plurals: s, es, ies, ves
- Irregular Plurals: Man → Men, Child → Children
- Foreign Plurals: Criterion → Criteria, Analysis → Analyses
- Same Singular & Plural: Sheep, Deer, Fish, Species, Series
- Compound Nouns: Fathers-in-law, Passers-by
- Plural-only Nouns: Scissors, Jeans, Trousers
- Always Singular Nouns: Advice, Furniture, Information
GKBYISHAK Final Exam Tips ⭐
- Regular Rules (S, ES, IES, VES) सबसे पहले याद करें।
- Irregular Plurals को अलग सूची बनाकर याद करें।
- Compound Nouns Competitive Exams में अक्सर पूछे जाते हैं।
- Advice, Information, Furniture का Plural नहीं बनता।
- Scissors, Trousers, Jeans हमेशा Plural Verb लेते हैं।
- Subject-Verb Agreement में Singular और Plural का सही प्रयोग सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।
- Daily English Speaking में Number की सही समझ आपकी Grammar को मजबूत बनाती है।
Subject–Verb Agreement (कर्ता और क्रिया का सामंजस्य)
English Grammar में केवल Singular और Plural जानना ही पर्याप्त नहीं है। सबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि Subject और Verb हमेशा एक-दूसरे के अनुसार होने चाहिए। इसे Subject–Verb Agreement कहा जाता है।
Subject–Verb Agreement means that the verb must agree with the subject in number and person.
वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) और Verb (क्रिया) का Number तथा Person के अनुसार मेल होना Subject–Verb Agreement कहलाता है।
Golden Rule
Rule
Singular Subject → Singular Verb
Plural Subject → Plural Verb
| Subject | Verb | Correct Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| He | goes | He goes to school. |
| She | likes | She likes music. |
| Ram | works | Ram works hard. |
| They | go | They go to school. |
| We | play | We play cricket. |
| The boys | study | The boys study daily. |
Rule 1 : Singular Subject + Singular Verb
यदि Subject केवल एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या पशु को दर्शाता है, तो उसके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
- Rahul plays cricket.
- Rita sings beautifully.
- The boy studies hard.
- The girl writes neatly.
- My father works in a bank.
- The teacher explains the lesson.
- The doctor treats patients.
- The cat drinks milk.
- The sun rises in the east.
- The moon shines at night.
- The train arrives on time.
- The bus stops here.
- The baby cries loudly.
- The flower smells sweet.
- The tree gives shade.
Rule 2 : Plural Subject + Plural Verb
यदि Subject एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या पशु को दर्शाता है, तो उसके साथ Plural Verb आती है।
- The boys play football.
- The girls dance well.
- The students study English.
- The teachers teach sincerely.
- Dogs bark loudly.
- Cats drink milk.
- Birds fly in the sky.
- The cars move fast.
- The books are useful.
- The trees give oxygen.
- My friends help me.
- The children laugh happily.
- The players practice daily.
- The workers build roads.
- The farmers grow crops.
Special Rule : I & You
I और You देखने में Singular हो सकते हैं, लेकिन इनके साथ हमेशा Plural Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है (Present Indefinite में भी)।
| Correct | Wrong |
|---|---|
| I go to school. | I goes to school. |
| You play cricket. | You plays cricket. |
| I have a pen. | I has a pen. |
| You are my friend. | You is my friend. |
Helping Verbs according to Number
| Singular Subject | Plural Subject |
|---|---|
| is | are |
| was | were |
| has | have |
| does | do |
30+ Daily Use Examples
- He reads a newspaper.
- She cooks food.
- Ram drives a car.
- Sita teaches English.
- The child is sleeping.
- The baby drinks milk.
- The flower blooms in spring.
- The lion lives in the forest.
- The bird sings every morning.
- The train leaves at six.
- The boys play every evening.
- The girls read storybooks.
- The students attend classes.
- The teachers guide us.
- The farmers work in fields.
- The workers repair roads.
- The doctors save lives.
- The nurses help patients.
- The books contain knowledge.
- The computers work fast.
- We respect our elders.
- They speak English.
- You look happy.
- I know the answer.
- Birds build nests.
- Dogs guard houses.
- Children enjoy holidays.
- Friends support each other.
- The players win matches.
- The rivers flow continuously.
Common Errors
| Wrong Sentence | Correct Sentence |
|---|---|
| He go to school. | He goes to school. |
| She have a book. | She has a book. |
| The boys plays. | The boys play. |
| They is happy. | They are happy. |
| I has a car. | I have a car. |
| You is late. | You are late. |
| The students studies. | The students study. |
| The teacher teach English. | The teacher teaches English. |
GKBYISHAK Quick Revision ⭐
- ✔ Singular Subject → Singular Verb
- ✔ Plural Subject → Plural Verb
- ✔ I और You के साथ हमेशा Plural Verb आती है।
- ✔ Helping Verbs (is/are, has/have, was/were, does/do) Number के अनुसार बदलती हैं।
- ✔ Subject–Verb Agreement लगभग हर Competitive Exam में पूछा जाता है।
Collective Nouns (समूहवाचक संज्ञा)
Collective Noun वह Noun होता है जो अनेक व्यक्तियों, वस्तुओं या पशुओं के समूह (Group) को एक इकाई (Single Unit) के रूप में दर्शाता है।
A Collective Noun is a word that refers to a group of people, animals or things as one unit.
जो संज्ञा किसी समूह को एक इकाई के रूप में व्यक्त करे, उसे Collective Noun कहते हैं।
Common Collective Nouns
| Collective Noun | Meaning (Hindi) |
|---|---|
| Team | टीम |
| Family | परिवार |
| Class | कक्षा |
| Committee | समिति |
| Jury | जूरी |
| Crowd | भीड़ |
| Army | सेना |
| Staff | कर्मचारी वर्ग |
| Audience | दर्शक |
| Police | पुलिस बल |
| Board | बोर्ड |
| Government | सरकार |
Rule 1 : Group को एक इकाई माना जाए → Singular Verb
जब Collective Noun पूरे समूह को एक इकाई (One Unit) के रूप में दर्शाता है, तब उसके साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
| Subject | Verb | Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| The team | is | The team is winning. |
| The family | is | The family is happy. |
| The committee | has | The committee has approved the plan. |
| The class | is | The class is silent. |
| The audience | was | The audience was excited. |
Rule 2 : Members अलग-अलग कार्य करें → Plural Verb
यदि Collective Noun के सदस्य अलग-अलग कार्य कर रहे हों या उन पर अलग-अलग ज़ोर दिया जा रहा हो, तो Plural Verb का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है (विशेषकर British English में)।
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| The team are wearing different uniforms. | टीम के सदस्य अलग-अलग यूनिफॉर्म पहने हुए हैं। |
| The family are eating in different rooms. | परिवार के सदस्य अलग-अलग कमरों में खाना खा रहे हैं। |
| The committee have different opinions. | समिति के सदस्यों की अलग-अलग राय है। |
| The jury are discussing the case. | जूरी के सदस्य मामले पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं। |
अधिकांश School Exams और Competitive Exams में Collective Nouns के साथ Singular Verb को सही माना जाता है, जब तक प्रश्न में अलग-अलग सदस्यों पर विशेष ज़ोर न दिया गया हो।
20+ Daily Use Examples
- The team is practicing every day.
- The family is planning a trip.
- The class is studying English.
- The committee has submitted its report.
- The crowd is cheering loudly.
- The audience is enjoying the show.
- The army is ready for action.
- The staff is working efficiently.
- The board has approved the proposal.
- The government is introducing new policies.
- The jury has reached a decision.
- The police are investigating the case.
- The team is confident.
- The family lives in Delhi.
- The committee meets every month.
- The audience clapped loudly.
- The class starts at 9 a.m.
- The crowd gathered near the stadium.
- The army protects the country.
- The staff welcomes new employees.
Common Errors
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| The team are winning. * | The team is winning. |
| The family have a car. | The family has a car. |
| The committee have approved the report. | The committee has approved the report. |
| The class are silent. | The class is silent. |
| The audience were excited. | The audience was excited. |
* यदि British English में टीम के सदस्यों पर अलग-अलग ज़ोर हो, तो are भी सही हो सकता है।
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- Collective Noun सामान्यतः Singular Verb लेता है।
- Group = One Unit → Singular Verb
- Members Acting Separately → Plural Verb (मुख्यतः British English)
- Police सामान्यतः Plural Verb लेता है: The police are investigating.
- SSC, Railway, Banking, NDA तथा School Exams में Collective Nouns से अक्सर प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
Rule 1 : Each के साथ Singular Verb
Each का अर्थ होता है प्रत्येक। यह समूह के प्रत्येक सदस्य को अलग-अलग दर्शाता है, इसलिए इसके साथ हमेशा Singular Noun तथा Singular Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
| Correct Sentence | Hindi Meaning |
|---|---|
| Each student is present. | प्रत्येक छात्र उपस्थित है। |
| Each player has a bat. | प्रत्येक खिलाड़ी के पास बैट है। |
| Each child receives a gift. | प्रत्येक बच्चे को उपहार मिलता है। |
| Each book costs ₹500. | प्रत्येक पुस्तक की कीमत ₹500 है। |
Rule 2 : Every के साथ Singular Verb
Every का अर्थ होता है हर / प्रत्येक। इसके बाद भी हमेशा Singular Noun और Singular Verb आती है।
| Correct Sentence | Hindi Meaning |
|---|---|
| Every boy plays cricket. | हर लड़का क्रिकेट खेलता है। |
| Every girl sings well. | हर लड़की अच्छा गाती है। |
| Every teacher works sincerely. | हर शिक्षक ईमानदारी से काम करता है। |
| Every house has electricity. | हर घर में बिजली है। |
Difference between Each & Every
| Each | Every |
|---|---|
| एक-एक सदस्य पर ज़ोर देता है। | पूरे समूह पर ज़ोर देता है। |
| Each student received a certificate. | Every student passed the exam. |
| छोटे समूहों में अधिक प्रयोग। | बड़े समूहों में अधिक प्रयोग। |
Rule 3 : Either के साथ Singular Verb
Either का अर्थ है दो में से कोई एक। इसके साथ सामान्यतः Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है।
- Either answer is correct.
- Either road leads to the village.
- Either player is ready.
- Either option works.
Rule 4 : Neither के साथ Singular Verb
Neither का अर्थ है दो में से कोई भी नहीं। इसके साथ भी सामान्यतः Singular Verb आती है।
- Neither boy is absent.
- Neither answer is correct.
- Neither road is safe.
- Neither student was late.
Indefinite Pronouns
निम्न Pronouns देखने में कई व्यक्तियों का बोध कराते हैं, लेकिन Grammar में इन्हें सामान्यतः Singular माना जाता है।
| Pronoun | Verb |
|---|---|
| Everyone | Singular |
| Everybody | Singular |
| Someone | Singular |
| Somebody | Singular |
| Anyone | Singular |
| Anybody | Singular |
| No one | Singular |
| Nobody | Singular |
| Nothing | Singular |
| Everything | Singular |
Examples of Indefinite Pronouns
- Everyone is happy.
- Everybody knows the answer.
- Someone is knocking at the door.
- Somebody has called you.
- Anyone can learn English.
- Anybody is welcome.
- No one knows the truth.
- Nobody was absent.
- Everything is ready.
- Nothing is impossible.
Common Errors
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Each students are present. | Each student is present. |
| Every boys play. | Every boy plays. |
| Either students are ready. | Either student is ready. |
| Neither answers are correct. | Neither answer is correct. |
| Everyone are happy. | Everyone is happy. |
| Nobody know the answer. | Nobody knows the answer. |
| Someone have called. | Someone has called. |
| Everything are ready. | Everything is ready. |
Practice Exercise
- Each student ______ present. (is/are)
- Every child ______ a prize. (gets/get)
- Either answer ______ correct. (is/are)
- Neither boy ______ absent. (is/are)
- Everyone ______ English. (knows/know)
- Somebody ______ at the gate. (is/are)
- Nothing ______ impossible. (is/are)
- Everything ______ ready. (is/are)
- No one ______ the truth. (knows/know)
- Anybody ______ participate. (can/cans)
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- ✔ Each, Every, Either और Neither के साथ सामान्यतः Singular Noun + Singular Verb आती है।
- ✔ Everyone, Everybody, Someone, Somebody, Anyone, Nobody, Nothing, Everything आदि Singular माने जाते हैं।
- ✔ "Everyone is...", "Nobody knows...", "Everything is..." जैसे वाक्य Competitive Exams में बार-बार पूछे जाते हैं।
- ✔ Subject–Verb Agreement के लगभग हर Exam में इन Rules से प्रश्न आते हैं।
- ✔ Sentence Correction में सबसे अधिक गलती Singular Verb और Plural Verb चुनने में होती है।
Quantifiers (परिमाण सूचक शब्द) क्या होते हैं?
Quantifiers ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जो किसी Noun की मात्रा (Quantity) या संख्या (Number) बताते हैं।
Quantifiers are words that tell us the quantity or amount of a noun.
जो शब्द किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या पदार्थ की संख्या या मात्रा बताते हैं, उन्हें Quantifiers कहते हैं।
Common Quantifiers
| Quantifier | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Much | बहुत अधिक (Uncountable) |
| Many | बहुत से (Countable) |
| Few | बहुत कम |
| A Few | कुछ |
| The Few | जो थोड़े हैं |
| Little | बहुत कम (Uncountable) |
| A Little | थोड़ा |
| The Little | जो थोड़ा है |
| Plenty of | भरपूर |
| Lots of | बहुत सारे |
Rule 1 : Much
Much का प्रयोग केवल Uncountable Nouns के साथ किया जाता है।
| Correct Examples |
|---|
| Much water |
| Much money |
| Much time |
| Much information |
| Much milk |
Examples
- There is much water in the tank.
- She doesn't have much money.
- How much time do you have?
- We need much patience.
- There isn't much milk left.
Rule 2 : Many
Many का प्रयोग केवल Countable Nouns के साथ किया जाता है।
| Correct Examples |
|---|
| Many books |
| Many students |
| Many cars |
| Many teachers |
| Many apples |
Examples
- Many students attended the class.
- There are many books on the shelf.
- Many people know him.
- We have many friends.
- How many apples do you want?
Difference : Much vs Many
| Much | Many |
|---|---|
| Used with Uncountable Nouns | Used with Countable Nouns |
| Much water | Many bottles |
| Much money | Many coins |
| Much time | Many hours |
Rule 3 : Few / A Few / The Few
इन तीनों का प्रयोग Countable Nouns के साथ होता है।
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Few | लगभग नहीं के बराबर |
| A Few | कुछ (सकारात्मक अर्थ) |
| The Few | जो थोड़े हैं, वे सभी |
Examples
- Few students passed the exam.
- A few students helped me.
- The few books I have are useful.
- Few people know the truth.
- A few friends visited me yesterday.
Rule 4 : Little / A Little / The Little
इनका प्रयोग केवल Uncountable Nouns के साथ किया जाता है।
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Little | बहुत कम |
| A Little | थोड़ा |
| The Little | जो थोड़ा है |
Examples
- There is little water in the bottle.
- I have a little money.
- The little information was useful.
- We have little hope.
- She has a little experience.
Rule 5 : Plenty of / Lots of
Plenty of और Lots of का प्रयोग Countable तथा Uncountable दोनों प्रकार के Nouns के साथ किया जा सकता है।
| Expression | Examples |
|---|---|
| Plenty of | Plenty of water, Plenty of books |
| Lots of | Lots of people, Lots of milk |
Examples
Common Errors
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Much books | Many books |
| Many water | Much water |
| Few water | Little water |
| Little students | Few students |
| A little books | A few books |
| A few milk | A little milk |
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- Much → Uncountable Nouns
- Many → Countable Nouns
- Few / A Few / The Few → Countable Nouns
- Little / A Little / The Little → Uncountable Nouns
- Plenty of और Lots of दोनों Countable तथा Uncountable Nouns के साथ प्रयोग किए जा सकते हैं।
- SSC, Banking, Railway, NDA, CDS तथा School Exams में Quantifiers से नियमित प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
Rule 6 : Some (कुछ)
Some का प्रयोग सामान्यतः सकारात्मक (Affirmative) वाक्यों में किया जाता है। इसका प्रयोग Countable तथा Uncountable दोनों प्रकार के Nouns के साथ किया जा सकता है।
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Countable | Some books, Some students, Some apples |
| Uncountable | Some water, Some milk, Some sugar |
- I have some books.
- She bought some apples.
- Please give me some water.
- There is some milk in the fridge.
- We need some information.
Rule 7 : Any (कोई / कुछ)
Any का प्रयोग सामान्यतः Negative तथा Interrogative Sentences में किया जाता है। इसका प्रयोग Countable तथा Uncountable दोनों Nouns के साथ किया जा सकता है।
| Sentence Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Negative | I don't have any money. |
| Question | Do you have any questions? |
- Do you have any books?
- Is there any milk?
- I don't have any friends here.
- She didn't buy any vegetables.
- Can I ask any question?
Difference between Some & Any
| Some | Any |
|---|---|
| Affirmative Sentences | Negative & Interrogative Sentences |
| Some students | Any students |
| Some water | Any water |
Rule 8 : All (सभी)
All का प्रयोग पूरे समूह या पूरी मात्रा के लिए किया जाता है।
- All students are present.
- All books are useful.
- All the water was clean.
- All my friends helped me.
- All children like games.
Rule 9 : Both (दोनों)
Both का अर्थ है "दोनों"। इसका प्रयोग केवल दो व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के लिए किया जाता है।
- Both boys are intelligent.
- Both girls won prizes.
- Both teams played well.
- Both roads lead to the city.
- Both answers are correct.
Rule 10 : None (कोई नहीं)
None का अर्थ है "एक भी नहीं"। आधुनिक English में इसके साथ Singular तथा Plural दोनों Verb का प्रयोग संदर्भ के अनुसार किया जाता है।
- None of the students are absent.
- None of the information is false.
- None of my friends came.
- None of the books were damaged.
- None of the milk was wasted.
Rule 11 : Enough (पर्याप्त)
Enough का अर्थ है "पर्याप्त"। इसका प्रयोग Countable तथा Uncountable दोनों Nouns के साथ किया जा सकता है।
- We have enough money.
- There are enough chairs.
- I have enough time.
- She has enough experience.
- There is enough food.
Rule 12 : Several & Various
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Several | कई |
| Various | विभिन्न |
- Several students participated.
- Several books are missing.
- Various methods are available.
- Various people attended the meeting.
- Several ideas were discussed.
Common Errors
| Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|
| Some any books | Some books |
| I don't have some money. | I don't have any money. |
| Both student is present. | Both students are present. |
| Several student came. | Several students came. |
| Enough chairs is available. | Enough chairs are available. |
| All student is ready. | All students are ready. |
Practice Exercise
- I have ______ books. (some/any)
- Do you have ______ questions? (some/any)
- ______ students passed the exam. (All/Both)
- We have ______ money to buy it. (enough/several)
- ______ boys were selected. (Both/None)
- ______ ideas were discussed. (Various/Much)
- I don't have ______ time. (any/some)
- ______ of the milk was wasted. (None/Both)
- There are ______ chairs for everyone. (enough/much)
- ______ people know this secret. (Several/Little)
GKBYISHAK Exam Tips ⭐
- ✔ Some → सामान्यतः Affirmative Sentences
- ✔ Any → Negative एवं Interrogative Sentences
- ✔ All → पूरे समूह या पूरी मात्रा के लिए
- ✔ Both → केवल दो व्यक्तियों/वस्तुओं के लिए
- ✔ None → Countable एवं Uncountable दोनों के साथ प्रयोग हो सकता है।
- ✔ Enough → Countable तथा Uncountable दोनों Nouns के साथ प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
- ✔ Several और Various हमेशा Plural Countable Nouns के साथ प्रयोग होते हैं।
- ✔ SSC, Banking, Railway, NDA, CDS तथा School Exams में Quantifiers से नियमित प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
🎉 Number (Singular & Plural) Quiz (MCQ 1–50)
प्रत्येक प्रश्न का केवल एक सही उत्तर चुनें। सभी प्रश्न हल करने के बाद Submit Quiz बटन दबाएँ।
1. What is the plural of Child?
2. What is the plural of Man?
3. Which word is Singular?
4. What is the plural of Mouse?
5. Which noun has the same Singular and Plural form?
6. What is the plural of Foot?
7. Choose the correct plural of Baby.
8. What is the plural of Leaf?
9. Which sentence is correct?
10. Which Helping Verb is used with Singular Subject?
11. Choose the correct sentence.
12. Which word is an Uncountable Noun?
13. Which sentence is grammatically correct?
14. Which word is the plural of Tooth?
15. What is the plural of Woman?
16. Choose the correct plural of City.
17. Which noun always takes a plural verb?
18. Which sentence is correct?
19. Which noun is always singular?
20. Which sentence is correct?
21. Which quantifier is used with uncountable nouns?
22. Which quantifier is used with countable nouns?
23. Choose the correct sentence.
24. Which sentence is correct?
25. Choose the correct sentence.
26. What is the plural of Goose?
27. Which word has the same Singular and Plural form?
28. Choose the correct plural of Hero.
29. What is the plural of Knife?
30. Which sentence is correct?
31. Which sentence is correct?
32. Which sentence is correct?
33. Choose the correct sentence.
34. Which sentence is correct?
35. Which sentence is correct?
36. Which word is an Uncountable Noun?
37. Which sentence is correct?
38. Which sentence is correct?
39. Choose the correct sentence.
40. Which sentence is correct?
41. Which sentence is correct?
42. Which sentence is correct?
43. Choose the correct plural of Criterion.
44. What is the plural of Analysis?
45. Which is the correct plural?
46. Which is the correct plural?
47. Which sentence is correct?
48. Which sentence is correct?
49. Which sentence is correct?
50. Which sentence is grammatically correct?
📚 Quick Revision Notes (Singular & Plural)
यदि आपने पूरा अध्याय पढ़ लिया है, तो परीक्षा से पहले केवल यह Revision पढ़कर भी पूरे Chapter की मुख्य बातें दोहरा सकते हैं। यह भाग SSC, Railway, Banking, NDA, CDS, UPSC, State PSC तथा School Exams के लिए अत्यंत उपयोगी है।
⭐ Rule 1 : Singular Noun
Singular Noun वह Noun है जो केवल एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जीव का बोध कराता है।
| Singular | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Book | एक पुस्तक |
| Boy | एक लड़का |
| Girl | एक लड़की |
| Tree | एक पेड़ |
| Teacher | एक शिक्षक |
⭐ Rule 2 : Plural Noun
Plural Noun वह Noun है जो एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जीव का बोध कराता है।
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Book | Books |
| Boy | Boys |
| Girl | Girls |
| Tree | Trees |
| Teacher | Teachers |
⭐ Rule 3 : Regular Plural Rules
| Rule | Example |
|---|---|
| + s | Book → Books |
| + es | Bus → Buses |
| y → ies | Baby → Babies |
| f → ves | Leaf → Leaves |
| fe → ves | Knife → Knives |
| o → es (कुछ शब्द) | Hero → Heroes |
⭐ Rule 4 : Irregular Plural
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Man | Men |
| Woman | Women |
| Child | Children |
| Foot | Feet |
| Tooth | Teeth |
| Mouse | Mice |
| Goose | Geese |
⭐ Rule 5 : Same Singular & Plural
| Word | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Sheep | Sheep | Sheep |
| Deer | Deer | Deer |
| Fish* | Fish | Fish |
| Aircraft | Aircraft | Aircraft |
| Series | Series | Series |
Note: "Fishes" का प्रयोग विभिन्न प्रजातियों (species) की मछलियों के लिए भी किया जाता है।
⭐ Rule 6 : Always Singular Nouns
| Noun | Correct Usage |
|---|---|
| Information | Information is useful. |
| Advice | His advice is valuable. |
| Furniture | The furniture is new. |
| Luggage | The luggage is heavy. |
| Machinery | The machinery is expensive. |
⭐ Rule 7 : Always Plural Nouns
| Noun | Correct Usage |
|---|---|
| Scissors | These scissors are sharp. |
| Trousers | My trousers are clean. |
| Jeans | These jeans are new. |
| Spectacles | My spectacles are broken. |
| Clothes | The clothes are dry. |
📝 GKBYISHAK Quick Memory Tricks
- ✅ One = Singular
- ✅ More than One = Plural
- ✅ Most words → +s
- ✅ Consonant + y → ies
- ✅ f / fe → ves (कुछ शब्द)
- ✅ Man → Men
- ✅ Woman → Women
- ✅ Child → Children
- ✅ Mouse → Mice
- ✅ Goose → Geese
- ✅ Sheep, Deer, Aircraft → Same Singular & Plural
- ✅ Information, Advice, Furniture → हमेशा Singular
- ✅ Scissors, Trousers, Jeans → हमेशा Plural
🚀 Exam Booster – One Minute Revision
यदि परीक्षा शुरू होने में केवल 1–2 मिनट शेष हैं, तो नीचे दिए गए Quick Revision Points अवश्य पढ़ें। ये SSC, Banking, Railway, NDA, CDS, State Exams तथा School Exams के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
| Topic | Quick Rule |
|---|---|
| Singular | एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जीव |
| Plural | एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जीव |
| Regular Plural | अधिकांश Nouns में -s जोड़ते हैं। |
| -es Rule | s, ss, sh, ch, x, z पर समाप्त Nouns में -es जोड़ते हैं। |
| Consonant + y | y → ies (Baby → Babies) |
| Vowel + y | केवल -s जोड़ते हैं। (Boy → Boys) |
| f / fe | कुछ शब्दों में ves बनता है। (Knife → Knives) |
| Irregular Plural | विशेष रूप याद करने होते हैं। |
🎯 Most Important Exam Words
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Child | Children |
| Man | Men |
| Woman | Women |
| Person | People |
| Foot | Feet |
| Tooth | Teeth |
| Mouse | Mice |
| Goose | Geese |
| Ox | Oxen |
| Louse | Lice |
❌ Common Mistakes (Wrong vs Correct)
| Wrong ❌ | Correct ✅ |
|---|---|
| Informations | Information |
| Advices | Advice |
| Furnitures | Furniture |
| Luggages | Luggage |
| Childs | Children |
| Mouses | Mice |
| Foots | Feet |
| Tooths | Teeth |
| Womans | Women |
| Mans | Men |
🧠 Memory Tricks
- ✔ अधिकांश Nouns का Plural = Noun + s
- ✔ s, ss, sh, ch, x, z → + es
- ✔ Consonant + y → ies
- ✔ Vowel + y → + s
- ✔ कुछ f / fe वाले शब्द → ves
- ✔ सभी f / fe वाले शब्द ves नहीं बनाते। (Roof → Roofs)
- ✔ Irregular Plurals को अलग से याद करें।
- ✔ Information, Advice, Furniture, Luggage का Plural नहीं बनता।
- ✔ Sheep, Deer, Aircraft का Singular और Plural समान होता है।
- ✔ Scissors, Jeans, Trousers हमेशा Plural माने जाते हैं।
🏆 Competitive Exam Tips
- Irregular Plurals पर सबसे अधिक प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
- Same Singular & Plural वाले शब्द याद रखें।
- Uncountable Nouns का Plural न बनाएं।
- Subject और Verb का Number हमेशा मिलाना चाहिए।
- Each, Every, Everybody, Everyone के साथ Singular Verb आती है।
- Many → Countable Nouns
- Much → Uncountable Nouns
- Few → Countable Nouns
- Little → Uncountable Nouns
- Practice के बिना Number Chapter मजबूत नहीं होगा।
⚡ Last Minute Revision
याद रखें:
- Book → Books ✔
- Bus → Buses ✔
- Baby → Babies ✔
- Knife → Knives ✔
- Hero → Heroes ✔
- Child → Children ✔
- Man → Men ✔
- Woman → Women ✔
- Mouse → Mice ✔
- Goose → Geese ✔
- Sheep → Sheep ✔
- Information → Information ✔
- Furniture → Furniture ✔
- Scissors → Always Plural ✔
- Many Books ✔ | Much Water ✔
⭐ GKBYISHAK Golden Tips
- ✅ पहले Regular Rules याद करें, फिर Irregular Plurals।
- ✅ Uncountable Nouns की अलग सूची बनाकर याद करें।
- ✅ रोज़ 20–25 Singular से Plural बनाने का अभ्यास करें।
- ✅ Subject–Verb Agreement पर विशेष ध्यान दें।
- ✅ Competitive Exams में छोटे-छोटे Exception अक्सर पूछे जाते हैं।
- ✅ Revision के समय Wrong ❌ और Correct ✅ Examples अवश्य दोहराएँ।
❌ Part 5B : Common Errors (Wrong ❌ vs Correct ✅)
Number (Singular & Plural) अध्याय में अधिकांश विद्यार्थी कुछ सामान्य गलतियाँ बार-बार दोहराते हैं। Competitive Exams (SSC, Banking, Railway, NDA, CDS, UPSC), School Exams तथा Spoken English में इन्हीं गलतियों पर आधारित प्रश्न अक्सर पूछे जाते हैं। इसलिए नीचे दिए गए उदाहरणों को ध्यानपूर्वक समझें।
❌ Error Group 1 : Uncountable Nouns का Plural नहीं बनता
| Wrong ❌ | Correct ✅ | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Informations | Information | Information हमेशा Singular है। |
| Advices | Advice | Advice का Plural नहीं बनता। |
| Furnitures | Furniture | Furniture Uncountable Noun है। |
| Luggages | Luggage | Luggage का Plural नहीं होता। |
| Machineries | Machinery | Machinery सामान्यतः Uncountable है। |
❌ Error Group 2 : Irregular Plural की गलतियाँ
| Wrong ❌ | Correct ✅ |
|---|---|
| Childs | Children |
| Mans | Men |
| Womans | Women |
| Foots | Feet |
| Tooths | Teeth |
| Mouses | Mice |
| Gooses | Geese |
| Oxes | Oxen |
❌ Error Group 3 : Subject–Verb Agreement
| Wrong ❌ | Correct ✅ |
|---|---|
| The boy play football. | The boy plays football. |
| The boys plays football. | The boys play football. |
| Each students are present. | Each student is present. |
| Every boys are ready. | Every boy is ready. |
| Everyone are happy. | Everyone is happy. |
❌ Error Group 4 : Same Singular & Plural Words
| Wrong ❌ | Correct ✅ |
|---|---|
| Sheeps | Sheep |
| Deers | Deer |
| Aircrafts | Aircraft |
| Serieses | Series |
| Specieses | Species |
इन शब्दों का Singular और Plural समान रहता है।
❌ Error Group 5 : Quantifiers की गलतियाँ
| Wrong ❌ | Correct ✅ |
|---|---|
| Much books | Many books |
| Many water | Much water |
| Few milk | Little milk |
| Little students | Few students |
| A few water | A little water |
⚠ Important Exceptions
| Word | Important Point |
|---|---|
| Fish | Plural सामान्यतः Fish; अलग-अलग प्रजातियों के लिए Fishes भी प्रयोग होता है। |
| People | Person का सामान्य Plural People है। |
| Persons | कुछ कानूनी या औपचारिक संदर्भों में प्रयोग हो सकता है। |
| Brother | Plural: Brothers; धार्मिक संदर्भ में Brethren भी मिलता है। |
| Penny | Pennies (सिक्के), Pence (राशि) – ब्रिटिश अंग्रेज़ी में विशेष प्रयोग। |
🎯 Exam Focus Points
- ✔ Child → Children
- ✔ Man → Men
- ✔ Woman → Women
- ✔ Mouse → Mice
- ✔ Goose → Geese
- ✔ Sheep → Sheep
- ✔ Deer → Deer
- ✔ Information → Singular
- ✔ Advice → Singular
- ✔ Furniture → Singular
- ✔ Much + Uncountable
- ✔ Many + Countable
- ✔ Each / Every + Singular Noun + Singular Verb
- ✔ Everyone / Everybody + Singular Verb
- ✔ Scissors / Jeans / Trousers + Plural Verb
💡 GKBYISHAK Golden Advice
Competitive Exams में Number Chapter के लगभग 70–80% प्रश्न Irregular Plurals, Uncountable Nouns, Subject–Verb Agreement तथा Common Errors पर आधारित होते हैं। यदि आप ऊपर दिए गए सभी उदाहरणों का नियमित अभ्यास करते हैं, तो इस अध्याय से आने वाले अधिकांश प्रश्न आत्मविश्वास के साथ हल कर पाएँगे।
❓ Part 5C : Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
इस भाग में Number (Singular & Plural) अध्याय से जुड़े सबसे महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्नों के सरल एवं सटीक उत्तर दिए गए हैं। ये प्रश्न स्कूल परीक्षाओं, प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं तथा Spoken English सीखने वाले विद्यार्थियों के लिए अत्यंत उपयोगी हैं।
Q1. Number (वचन) क्या होता है?
Grammar में Number वह रूप है जो बताता है कि Noun या Pronoun एक व्यक्ति/वस्तु को दर्शा रहा है या एक से अधिक को।
Q2. Singular Number क्या है?
जब कोई Noun केवल एक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जीव का बोध कराए, तो उसे Singular Number कहते हैं।
Examples: Boy, Girl, Book, Pen, Tree.
Q3. Plural Number क्या है?
जब कोई Noun एक से अधिक व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जीव का बोध कराए, तो उसे Plural Number कहते हैं।
Examples: Boys, Girls, Books, Pens, Trees.
Q4. अधिकांश Nouns का Plural कैसे बनता है?
अधिकांश Nouns के अंत में -s जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है।
Book → Books
Car → Cars
Teacher → Teachers
Q5. किन शब्दों में -es लगाया जाता है?
यदि कोई Noun s, ss, sh, ch, x, z पर समाप्त होता है, तो सामान्यतः -es जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है।
Bus → Buses
Box → Boxes
Watch → Watches
Q6. y वाले शब्दों का Plural कैसे बनता है?
यदि Consonant + y हो, तो y → ies बनता है।
Baby → Babies
City → Cities
यदि Vowel + y हो, तो केवल -s जोड़ते हैं।
Boy → Boys
Toy → Toys
Q7. Irregular Plural क्या होता है?
वे Plurals जो सामान्य नियमों का पालन नहीं करते, उन्हें Irregular Plural कहते हैं।
Man → Men
Woman → Women
Child → Children
Mouse → Mice
Q8. कौन-से शब्द Singular और Plural दोनों में समान रहते हैं?
कुछ शब्दों का Singular और Plural रूप समान रहता है।
- Sheep
- Deer
- Aircraft
- Series
- Species
Q9. Uncountable Nouns क्या होते हैं?
जिन Nouns को सामान्यतः गिना नहीं जा सकता, उन्हें Uncountable Nouns कहते हैं।
Examples: Information, Advice, Furniture, Water, Milk, Sugar.
Q10. क्या Information का Plural होता है?
नहीं। Information सामान्यतः Uncountable Noun है। इसका Plural Informations नहीं होता।
Q11. क्या Advice का Plural होता है?
नहीं। Advice सामान्यतः Uncountable Noun है। इसलिए Advices लिखना गलत माना जाता है।
Q12. Many और Much में क्या अंतर है?
| Word | Use |
|---|---|
| Many | Countable Nouns |
| Much | Uncountable Nouns |
Q13. Few और Little में क्या अंतर है?
| Word | Use |
|---|---|
| Few | Countable Nouns |
| Little | Uncountable Nouns |
Q14. क्या Scissors Singular है?
नहीं। Scissors सामान्यतः Plural Noun की तरह प्रयोग किया जाता है।
✔ These scissors are sharp.
Q15. क्या Sheep का Plural Sheeps होता है?
नहीं। सही रूप Sheep → Sheep है।
Q16. प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में Number Chapter से क्या पूछा जाता है?
- Irregular Plurals
- Common Errors
- Subject–Verb Agreement
- Countable & Uncountable Nouns
- Exceptions
Q17. इस Chapter को मजबूत कैसे करें?
- Regular Rules याद करें।
- Irregular Plurals अलग से याद करें।
- प्रतिदिन 20–30 शब्दों का अभ्यास करें।
- MCQ Quiz अवश्य हल करें।
- Revision Notes बार-बार पढ़ें।
⭐ GKBYISHAK Expert Tip
यदि आपने इस अध्याय के सभी Parts, Rules, Examples, Common Errors, MCQ Quiz और Quick Revision Notes का अभ्यास कर लिया है, तो आप Number (Singular & Plural) विषय पर मजबूत पकड़ बना सकते हैं। नियमित अभ्यास और Revision ही सफलता की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कुंजी है।
🎓 Chapter Conclusion
बधाई हो! 🎉 आपने Number (Singular & Plural) अध्याय को Zero Level से लेकर Advanced Level तक सफलतापूर्वक पूरा कर लिया है।
इस अध्याय में आपने केवल Singular और Plural बनाना ही नहीं सीखा, बल्कि उनसे जुड़े सभी महत्वपूर्ण Grammar Rules, Exceptions, Common Errors, Competitive Exam Points तथा Practical Usage को भी विस्तार से समझा।
📚 आपने क्या-क्या सीखा?
- ✅ Number (वचन) का परिचय
- ✅ Singular Number
- ✅ Plural Number
- ✅ Regular Plural Rules
- ✅ Irregular Plurals
- ✅ Foreign Plurals
- ✅ Compound Nouns
- ✅ Same Singular & Plural Words
- ✅ Always Singular Nouns
- ✅ Always Plural Nouns
- ✅ Countable & Uncountable Nouns
- ✅ Subject–Verb Agreement
- ✅ Quantifiers (Many, Much, Few, Little)
- ✅ Common Errors
- ✅ Exam Tricks
- ✅ MCQ Practice (50 Questions)
- ✅ Quick Revision Notes
- ✅ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
🎯 Final Revision Formula
| Topic | Remember |
|---|---|
| Regular Plural | Mostly +s |
| -es Rule | s, ss, sh, ch, x, z |
| Consonant + y | y → ies |
| Vowel + y | + s |
| Irregular | Remember Separately |
| Many | Countable Nouns |
| Much | Uncountable Nouns |
| Each / Every | Singular Verb |
🏆 Success Tips
- प्रतिदिन कम से कम 20 नए Singular–Plural शब्द लिखें।
- Irregular Plurals की अलग सूची बनाकर याद करें।
- Common Errors को नियमित रूप से दोहराएँ।
- MCQ Quiz को बार-बार हल करें।
- Grammar Rules को केवल याद न करें, उन्हें वाक्यों में प्रयोग भी करें।
- Revision को अपनी Study Routine का हिस्सा बनाएँ।
💡 GKBYISHAK Final Message
Grammar में सफलता का सबसे बड़ा रहस्य Practice + Revision + Correct Usage है। यदि आपने इस अध्याय के सभी Parts को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ा है और Quiz का अभ्यास किया है, तो अब आप Number (Singular & Plural) विषय पर एक मजबूत आधार बना चुके हैं।
अब अगले अध्याय Gender (Masculine, Feminine, Common & Neuter) की तैयारी शुरू करें, क्योंकि English Grammar में Number और Gender दोनों एक-दूसरे से जुड़े हुए महत्वपूर्ण विषय हैं।
🌟 Thank You!
GKBYISHAK के साथ सीखते रहें, नियमित अभ्यास करें और अपनी English Grammar को Basic से Advanced Level तक मजबूत बनाते रहें।

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