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Pronoun (सर्वनाम) in English Grammar in Hindi | Basic to Advanced Complete Guide

 

Pronoun (सर्वनाम) in English Grammar in Hindi | Basic to Advanced Complete Guide
Pronoun (सर्वनाम) in English Grammar in Hindi | Basic to Advanced Complete Guide

Pronoun (सर्वनाम) in English Grammar

Basic to Advanced Complete Guide in Hindi

By GKBYISHAK

Pronoun (सर्वनाम) क्या है?

English Grammar में Pronoun एक बहुत महत्वपूर्ण Part of Speech है। Pronoun वह शब्द होता है जो किसी Noun (संज्ञा) के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाता है। यदि हम हर बार किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या जानवर का नाम दोहराते रहें, तो वाक्य बहुत बड़ा और अटपटा हो जाएगा। इस समस्या को दूर करने के लिए Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Example:
Rahul is a student.
Rahul goes to school daily.
Rahul studies English.

ऊपर वाले वाक्य में Rahul बार-बार आ रहा है। अब Pronoun का प्रयोग करते हैं—

Rahul is a student.
He goes to school daily.
He studies English.

यहाँ He, Rahul की जगह प्रयोग हुआ है। इसलिए He एक Pronoun है।

Pronoun की परिभाषा (Definition of Pronoun)

A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.

अर्थात— जो शब्द Noun के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाए उसे Pronoun कहते हैं।

Pronoun की आवश्यकता क्यों होती है?

  • वाक्य को छोटा और सुंदर बनाता है।
  • बार-बार Noun दोहराने से बचाता है।
  • भाषा को प्रभावशाली बनाता है।
  • Communication को आसान बनाता है।
  • Grammar को अधिक व्यवस्थित बनाता है।

Pronoun के मुख्य भेद (Types of Pronoun)

No. Pronoun Type Hindi Name
1 Personal Pronoun व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम
2 Possessive Pronoun अधिकार सूचक सर्वनाम
3 Reflexive Pronoun निजवाचक सर्वनाम
4 Emphatic Pronoun बल सूचक सर्वनाम
5 Demonstrative Pronoun संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम
6 Interrogative Pronoun प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
7 Relative Pronoun संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम
8 Indefinite Pronoun अनिश्चित सर्वनाम
9 Distributive Pronoun वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम
10 Reciprocal Pronoun पारस्परिक सर्वनाम

1. Personal Pronoun (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है, उसे Personal Pronoun कहते हैं।

Examples

  • I
  • We
  • You
  • He
  • She
  • It
  • They
Person Subject Object
First Person I, We Me, Us
Second Person You You
Third Person He, She, It, They Him, Her, It, Them
I am a teacher.
She is reading a book.
They are playing cricket.

2. Possessive Pronoun (अधिकार सूचक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति पर अधिकार (Ownership) दर्शाता है उसे Possessive Pronoun कहते हैं।

Examples

  • Mine
  • Yours
  • His
  • Hers
  • Ours
  • Theirs
This book is mine.
That pen is yours.
The house is theirs.

3. Reflexive Pronoun (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)

जब Subject और Object एक ही व्यक्ति हों, तब Reflexive Pronoun का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Examples

  • Myself
  • Yourself
  • Himself
  • Herself
  • Itself
  • Ourselves
  • Themselves
I hurt myself.
She taught herself English.
They enjoyed themselves.

4. Emphatic Pronoun (बल सूचक सर्वनाम)

जब Reflexive Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति पर विशेष जोर देने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाए, तो उसे Emphatic Pronoun कहते हैं।

I myself completed the work.
The Principal himself checked the papers.

5. Demonstrative Pronoun (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान की ओर संकेत करे, उसे Demonstrative Pronoun कहते हैं।

Examples

  • This
  • That
  • These
  • Those
This is my laptop.
Those are beautiful flowers.

6. Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या विषय के बारे में प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है, उसे Interrogative Pronoun कहते हैं।

Interrogative Pronoun सीधे प्रश्न पूछने का कार्य करते हैं। जब ये Noun की जगह प्रयोग होते हैं तब इन्हें Pronoun कहा जाता है।

मुख्य Interrogative Pronouns

  • Who (कौन)
  • Whom (किसे)
  • Whose (किसका)
  • Which (कौन-सा)
  • What (क्या)
Who is standing there?
Whom did you call?
Whose book is this?
Which is your car?
What happened yesterday?

Who और Whom में अंतर

Who Whom
Subject के रूप में Object के रूप में
Who came here? Whom did you meet?
याद रखें: Who = कर्ता (Subject)
Whom = कर्म (Object)

7. Relative Pronoun (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun दो वाक्यों को जोड़ता है तथा पहले आए हुए Noun के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी देता है, उसे Relative Pronoun कहते हैं।

Relative Pronoun किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान का संबंध दूसरे वाक्य से स्थापित करता है।

मुख्य Relative Pronouns

  • Who
  • Whom
  • Whose
  • Which
  • That
The boy who is playing cricket is my brother.

यहाँ "who" दो वाक्यों को जोड़ रहा है और "boy" के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी दे रहा है।

This is the book which I bought yesterday.
The man whose car was stolen went to the police station.
This is the student that won the competition.

Relative Pronoun का उपयोग

Relative Pronoun Use
Who Persons (व्यक्ति)
Whom Persons as Object
Whose Possession
Which Animals/Things
That Persons + Things

8. Indefinite Pronoun (अनिश्चित सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun किसी निश्चित व्यक्ति, वस्तु या संख्या का बोध नहीं कराते, उन्हें Indefinite Pronoun कहते हैं।

इनसे केवल सामान्य या अनिश्चित जानकारी प्राप्त होती है।

मुख्य Indefinite Pronouns

  • Someone
  • Somebody
  • Anyone
  • Anybody
  • Everyone
  • Everybody
  • Nobody
  • Nothing
  • Something
  • Everything
  • Few
  • Many
  • Several
  • All
  • Some
Someone is knocking at the door.
Everybody likes honesty.
Nobody helped me.
Something is wrong here.

महत्वपूर्ण नियम

Everybody, Everyone, Somebody, Someone, Anybody आदि व्याकरण की दृष्टि से Singular माने जाते हैं।

Everyone is happy. ✔
Everyone are happy. ✘

9. Distributive Pronoun (वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun समूह के प्रत्येक सदस्य को अलग-अलग दर्शाते हैं, उन्हें Distributive Pronoun कहते हैं।

ये एक-एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करते हैं।

मुख्य Distributive Pronouns

  • Each
  • Either
  • Neither

Each

समूह के प्रत्येक सदस्य के लिए प्रयोग होता है।

Each of the boys received a prize.

Either

दो में से कोई एक।

Either of the roads leads to the station.

Neither

दो में से कोई भी नहीं।

Neither of the answers is correct.

महत्वपूर्ण नियम

Each, Either, Neither हमेशा Singular Verb लेते हैं।
Each of the students is present. ✔
Each of the students are present. ✘

10. Reciprocal Pronoun (पारस्परिक सर्वनाम)

जो Pronoun दो या दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों के बीच परस्पर संबंध को व्यक्त करते हैं, उन्हें Reciprocal Pronoun कहते हैं।

ये आपसी क्रिया या संबंध को दर्शाते हैं।

मुख्य Reciprocal Pronouns

  • Each Other
  • One Another

Each Other

सामान्यतः दो व्यक्तियों के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Ram and Shyam help each other.
The two friends respect each other.

One Another

सामान्यतः दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।

The players congratulated one another.
The students support one another.

Difference

Reciprocal Pronoun Use
Each Other दो व्यक्तियों के लिए
One Another दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों के लिए

Pronoun के सभी भेद एक नज़र में

Type Example
Personal I, We, You, He
Possessive Mine, Yours, His
Reflexive Myself, Himself
Emphatic I myself
Demonstrative This, That
Interrogative Who, What
Relative Who, Which, That
Indefinite Someone, Nobody
Distributive Each, Either, Neither
Reciprocal Each Other, One Another
Pronoun (सर्वनाम) in English Grammar in Hindi

Pronoun के महत्वपूर्ण नियम (Important Rules of Pronoun)

English Grammar में Pronoun का सही प्रयोग करना बहुत आवश्यक है। Competitive Exams, School Exams, SSC, Railway, Banking और Spoken English में Pronoun से जुड़े प्रश्न अक्सर पूछे जाते हैं।

Rule 1: Pronoun और Noun में समानता होनी चाहिए

Pronoun जिस Noun की जगह प्रयोग हो रहा है, उसके Number (Singular/Plural) और Gender के अनुसार होना चाहिए।

Ravi is a good boy. He studies hard. ✔
Ravi is a good boy. They study hard. ✘

Rule 2: Every, Each, Everyone, Everybody के साथ Singular Pronoun

Every student should do his work. ✔
Every student should do their work. ✘

पारंपरिक Grammar के अनुसार Singular Pronoun प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Rule 3: Two Nouns Joined by 'And'

जब दो Noun and से जुड़े हों, तो Pronoun Plural होगा।

Ram and Shyam completed their homework. ✔

Rule 4: Either / Neither के साथ Singular Pronoun

Neither of the boys has done his work. ✔
Either of the girls can bring her notebook. ✔

Rule 5: Collective Noun के साथ Pronoun

यदि समूह को एक इकाई माना जाए तो Singular Pronoun, अन्यथा Plural Pronoun प्रयोग होगा।

The team has announced its captain. ✔
The team are discussing their plans. ✔

Pronoun से जुड़ी Common Errors

Pronoun में विद्यार्थी अक्सर कुछ सामान्य गलतियाँ करते हैं। आइए उन्हें समझते हैं।

Error 1

Incorrect: Me and Rahul went there.
Correct: Rahul and I went there.

Error 2

Incorrect: Each student must bring their book.
Correct: Each student must bring his book.

Error 3

Incorrect: Myself Rahul.
Correct: I am Rahul.

Error 4

Incorrect: He is senior than me.
Correct: He is senior to me.

Advanced Pronoun Usage

Advanced English Grammar में Pronoun का प्रयोग और भी महत्वपूर्ण हो जाता है।

1. Dummy Pronoun "It"

कभी-कभी It किसी वास्तविक वस्तु के लिए नहीं बल्कि केवल वाक्य की संरचना के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।

It is raining.
It is very hot today.
It is easy to learn English.

2. Dummy Pronoun "There"

There का प्रयोग किसी वस्तु के अस्तित्व को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

There is a book on the table.
There are many students in the class.

3. One as a Pronoun

One का प्रयोग सामान्य व्यक्ति के लिए किया जाता है।

One should always speak the truth.
One must respect elders.

Pronoun पहचानने की आसान Tricks

  • यदि कोई शब्द Noun की जगह आया है, तो वह Pronoun हो सकता है।
  • यदि शब्द किसी व्यक्ति की ओर संकेत कर रहा है, तो वह Pronoun हो सकता है।
  • यदि शब्द प्रश्न पूछ रहा है (Who, What, Which), तो वह Interrogative Pronoun हो सकता है।
  • यदि शब्द अधिकार दिखा रहा है (Mine, Yours, His), तो वह Possessive Pronoun है।
  • यदि शब्द स्वयं पर कार्य दिखा रहा है (Myself, Himself), तो वह Reflexive Pronoun है।

Pronoun Examples (50+ Sentences)

  • I am a teacher.
  • You are my friend.
  • He is reading.
  • She is singing.
  • It is raining.
  • We are students.
  • They are playing.
  • This is my book.
  • That is your car.
  • These are apples.
  • Those are flowers.
  • Who is there?
  • Whom did you meet?
  • Whose bag is this?
  • What happened?
  • Which is your house?
  • Someone called me.
  • Everybody likes success.
  • Nobody helped him.
  • Everything is fine.
  • I hurt myself.
  • She taught herself.
  • They enjoyed themselves.
  • We completed the work ourselves.
  • He himself admitted the mistake.
  • The boys helped each other.
  • The players congratulated one another.
  • This book is mine.
  • That car is yours.
  • The house is theirs.
  • The girl who won is my sister.
  • The book which I bought is useful.
  • The man whose wallet was lost cried.
  • Each of the boys is present.
  • Neither of the answers is correct.
  • Either of the roads leads home.
  • There is a cat outside.
  • It is getting dark.
  • One should obey rules.
  • We should help others.
  • She loves her parents.
  • He respects his teacher.
  • They completed their work.
  • Everybody is ready.
  • Somebody knocked at the door.
  • Anyone can learn English.
  • Many were absent.
  • Few understood the topic.
  • All were happy.
  • Several attended the meeting.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Pronoun क्या होता है?

जो शब्द Noun की जगह प्रयोग किया जाता है, उसे Pronoun कहते हैं।

Q2. Pronoun कितने प्रकार के होते हैं?

मुख्य रूप से Pronoun के 10 प्रकार होते हैं।

Q3. Myself कौन-सा Pronoun है?

Myself एक Reflexive Pronoun है।

Q4. Who कौन-सा Pronoun है?

Who Interrogative Pronoun और Relative Pronoun दोनों हो सकता है।

Q5. Mine कौन-सा Pronoun है?

Mine एक Possessive Pronoun है।

निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)

Pronoun English Grammar का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण Part of Speech है। यह Noun की पुनरावृत्ति को रोकता है और भाषा को सरल, प्रभावशाली तथा आकर्षक बनाता है।

इस अध्याय में हमने Pronoun की Definition, Types, Rules, Examples, Common Errors, Advanced Usage और FAQs को विस्तार से समझा।

यदि आप Personal Pronoun, Possessive Pronoun, Reflexive Pronoun, Demonstrative Pronoun, Interrogative Pronoun, Relative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Distributive Pronoun और Reciprocal Pronoun का सही प्रयोग सीख लेते हैं, तो आपकी English Grammar काफी मजबूत हो जाएगी।

Practice Makes Perfect! प्रतिदिन Pronoun के उदाहरण बनाइए और उन्हें बोलचाल तथा लेखन में प्रयोग कीजिए।

Pronoun MCQ Practice Set (50 Questions)

Q1. ______ am a student.

A) Me    B) I    C) Mine    D) Myself
Answer: B) I

Q2. She is my sister. ______ is very intelligent.

A) He    B) It    C) She    D) They
Answer: C) She

Q3. This book is ______.

A) me    B) my    C) mine    D) myself
Answer: C) mine

Q4. Rahul hurt ______ while playing.

A) himself    B) his    C) him    D) he
Answer: A) himself

Q5. ______ are going to school.

A) He    B) She    C) They    D) It
Answer: C) They

Q6. ______ is your best friend?

A) What    B) Which    C) Who    D) Whose
Answer: C) Who

Q7. ______ bag is this?

A) What    B) Who    C) Whose    D) Which
Answer: C) Whose

Q8. The boy ______ won the race is my brother.

A) whom    B) who    C) whose    D) which
Answer: B) who

Q9. This is the book ______ I bought yesterday.

A) who    B) whom    C) which    D) whose
Answer: C) which

Q10. Everybody should do ______ duty.

A) their    B) his    C) our    D) your
Answer: B) his

Q11. Neither of the boys has done ______ work.

A) their    B) his    C) our    D) your
Answer: B) his

Q12. Ram and Shyam completed ______ homework.

A) his    B) her    C) their    D) its
Answer: C) their

Q13. ______ of the two roads leads to the station.

A) Either    B) Both    C) All    D) Many
Answer: A) Either

Q14. ______ of the answers is correct.

A) Both    B) Either    C) Neither    D) Many
Answer: C) Neither

Q15. Someone is waiting outside. "Someone" is:

A) Personal Pronoun B) Relative Pronoun C) Indefinite Pronoun D) Reciprocal Pronoun
Answer: C) Indefinite Pronoun

Q16. The two friends help ______.

A) themselves B) one another C) each other D) himself
Answer: C) each other

Q17. We enjoyed ______ at the picnic.

A) ourselves B) us C) our D) ours
Answer: A) ourselves

Q18. They completed the project ______.

A) themselves B) them C) theirs D) their
Answer: A) themselves

Q19. This pen is not mine. It is ______.

A) your B) yours C) you D) yourself
Answer: B) yours

Q20. ______ are my books.

A) This B) That C) These D) It
Answer: C) These

Q21. Those are ______ friends.

Answer: our

Q22. Who are you talking to?

Answer: Interrogative Pronoun

Q23. The girl whose phone was lost cried.

Answer: Relative Pronoun

Q24. Everybody is ready.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q25. Nobody came to help.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q26. Which is your bike?

Answer: Interrogative Pronoun

Q27. The dog hurt itself.

Answer: Reflexive Pronoun

Q28. I myself checked the answer.

Answer: Emphatic Pronoun

Q29. She herself prepared the meal.

Answer: Emphatic Pronoun

Q30. It is raining.

Answer: Dummy Pronoun

Q31. There is a book on the table.

Answer: Dummy Pronoun

Q32. One should respect elders.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q33. Each of the boys is present.

Answer: Distributive Pronoun

Q34. All were happy.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q35. Many attended the meeting.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q36. Few understood the lesson.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q37. Several participated in the event.

Answer: Indefinite Pronoun

Q38. This is my house.

Answer: Demonstrative Pronoun

Q39. Those are beautiful flowers.

Answer: Demonstrative Pronoun

Q40. What happened yesterday?

Answer: Interrogative Pronoun

Q41. Whom did you meet?

Answer: Interrogative Pronoun

Q42. The man who came here is my uncle.

Answer: Relative Pronoun

Q43. This book is hers.

Answer: Possessive Pronoun

Q44. The house is theirs.

Answer: Possessive Pronoun

Q45. We are students.

Answer: Personal Pronoun

Q46. He is reading a newspaper.

Answer: Personal Pronoun

Q47. She is singing a song.

Answer: Personal Pronoun

Q48. They are playing football.

Answer: Personal Pronoun

Q49. Pronoun replaces ______.

Answer: Noun

Q50. English Grammar में Pronoun एक ______ है.

Answer: Part of Speech
© GKBYISHAK | Pronoun Complete Guide

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