Conjunction (समुच्चय बोधक) in English Grammar in Hindi | Basic to Advanced Complete Guide

 

Conjunction (समुच्चय बोधक) in English Grammar in Hindi

Basic to Advanced Complete Guide | GKBYISHAK

Conjunction क्या है? (What is Conjunction?)

English Grammar में Conjunction एक ऐसा शब्द होता है जो दो शब्दों, दो वाक्यांशों (Phrases) या दो वाक्यों (Sentences) को जोड़ने का कार्य करता है। हिंदी में इसे समुच्चय बोधक कहा जाता है।

यदि Conjunction न हो तो भाषा असंगठित और कठिन दिखाई देगी। Conjunction वाक्यों को सुंदर, स्पष्ट और अर्थपूर्ण बनाता है।

Examples:
Ram and Shyam are friends.
(राम और श्याम मित्र हैं।)

I was tired but I finished my work.
(मैं थका हुआ था लेकिन मैंने अपना काम पूरा किया।)

Study hard or you will fail.
(मेहनत से पढ़ो अन्यथा तुम असफल हो जाओगे।)

Conjunction की परिभाषा (Definition)

A Conjunction is a word used to join words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together.

अर्थात जो शब्द दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों, वाक्यांशों या वाक्यों को जोड़ता है, उसे Conjunction कहते हैं।

She is intelligent and hardworking.

यहाँ and दो विशेषणों को जोड़ रहा है।

Conjunction क्यों आवश्यक है?

• वाक्यों को जोड़ने के लिए
• भाषा को प्रभावशाली बनाने के लिए
• लंबे विचारों को स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करने के लिए
• लेखन और बोलने की क्षमता सुधारने के लिए
• Grammar को मजबूत बनाने के लिए

Conjunction के मुख्य प्रकार (Types of Conjunction)

क्रम	प्रकार	कार्य
1	Coordinating Conjunction	समान स्तर के शब्दों या वाक्यों को जोड़ना
2	Subordinating Conjunction	मुख्य और आश्रित Clause को जोड़ना
3	Correlative Conjunction	जोड़ी में प्रयुक्त होने वाले Conjunction

1. Coordinating Conjunction

यह समान महत्व वाले शब्दों, वाक्यांशों या Clauses को जोड़ता है।

इसे याद रखने के लिए FANBOYS Rule प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Letter	Conjunction	Meaning
F	For	क्योंकि
A	And	और
N	Nor	न ही
B	But	लेकिन
O	Or	या
Y	Yet	फिर भी
S	So	इसलिए

AND

दो समान विचारों को जोड़ता है।

Ram and Mohan are brothers.

She sings and dances.

BUT

विरोध या Contrast दर्शाता है।

He is poor but honest.

She is beautiful but arrogant.

The car is old but reliable.

He is young but wise.

The room is small but clean.

She is rich but humble.

The book is small but useful.

He is weak but brave.

The weather was cold but pleasant.

OR

विकल्प (Choice) बताता है।

Tea or coffee?

Would you like milk or juice?

Do you want a pen or a pencil?

Is he a doctor or an engineer?

Should we travel by bus or train?

Hurry up or you will miss the train.

Red or blue?

Bus or train?

Pen or pencil?

Apple or mango?

SO

परिणाम (Result) दर्शाता है।

It was raining, so we stayed home.

I was hungry, so I ate food.

He studied hard, so he passed the exam.

She was tired, so she went to bed early.

The road was blocked, so we took another route.

I was thirsty, so I drank water.

He was late, so he ran fast.

It was cold, so I wore a jacket.

She was ill, so she stayed at home.

We missed the bus, so we walked.

2. Subordinating Conjunction

यह Main Clause और Subordinate Clause को जोड़ता है।

इनका प्रयोग कारण, समय, शर्त, उद्देश्य, परिणाम आदि व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

Conjunction	Meaning
Because	क्योंकि
Although	यद्यपि
If	यदि
When	जब
While	जबकि
Since	जब से / क्योंकि
Before	पहले
After	बाद में

because - क्योंकि

I stayed home because it was raining.

He failed because he was careless.

She was happy because she won the prize.

The baby cried because it was hungry.

Although - यद्यपि

Although he is poor, he is honest.

Although it was raining, we went outside.

Although she was tired, she continued working.

Although the test was difficult, I passed.

Although she was ill, she attended school.

If - यदि

If you study hard, you will pass.

If you work hard, you will succeed.

If it rains, we will stay at home.

If you study regularly, you can score good marks.

If she calls me, I will help her.

If they come early, we will start the meeting.

When - जब

When I arrived, he was sleeping.

When the bell rang, the students left the classroom.

When I wake up, I drink water.

When it rains, children enjoy playing.

While - जबकि

While I was reading, she was cooking.

While he was sleeping, the phone rang.

While I was studying, my brother was watching TV.

While the teacher was teaching, the students were listening carefully.

Since - जब से / क्योंकि

Since it was raining, we stayed at home.

Since you are here, let's start the meeting.

I have lived here since 2020.

She has been studying English since last year.

Before - पहले

Before you go, call me.

Wash your hands before eating food.

Finish your homework before playing.

He reached the station before the train arrived.

After - बाद में

After the rain stopped, we went outside.

After he finished his work, he went home.

After dinner, we watched a movie.

She went to bed after completing her homework.

3. Correlative Conjunction (युग्म समुच्चय बोधक)

Correlative Conjunction वे Conjunction होते हैं जो हमेशा जोड़ी (Pair) में प्रयोग किए जाते हैं। ये वाक्य के दो समान भागों को जोड़ते हैं।

Correlative Conjunction हमेशा Pair में आते हैं।

Correlative Conjunction	Meaning
Either...or	या तो...या
Neither...nor	न तो...न ही
Both...and	दोनों...और
Not only...but also	केवल...ही नहीं बल्कि
Whether...or	चाहे...या
Such...that	इतना...कि
As...as	जितना...उतना

Either...Or

दो विकल्पों में से किसी एक को दर्शाता है।

Either Ram or Mohan will come.

You can either stay here or leave now.

Either tea or coffee is available.

Either you apologize or you will be punished.

Neither...Nor

दोनों विकल्पों का निषेध करता है।

Neither Ram nor Mohan was present.

She likes neither tea nor coffee.

Neither my brother nor my sister can swim.

Neither the teacher nor the students were late.

Both...And

दोनों व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं को शामिल करता है।

Both Ram and Shyam are students.

She is both intelligent and hardworking.

Both tea and coffee are available.

Both my father and my mother attended the meeting.

Not Only...But Also

अधिक महत्व देने या जोर देने के लिए प्रयोग होता है।

He is not only rich but also kind.

She not only sings but also dances.

Not only Ram but also Mohan came to the party.

He not only studies hard but also helps others.

Whether...Or

दो संभावनाओं या स्थितियों को दर्शाता है।

I don't know whether he will come or not.

Whether you agree or disagree, I will continue.

Whether it rains or shines, we will play.

She will attend the meeting whether she is busy or free.

Such...that

It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.

He is such a good teacher that all students like him.

She is such a kind girl that everyone loves her.

It was such an easy question that everyone answered it.

As...as

Ram is as tall as Shyam.

She is as intelligent as her sister.

This box is as heavy as that one.

He runs as fast as his friend.

Conjunction के प्रयोग के नियम (Rules of Conjunction)

Rule 1: समान Parts को जोड़ें

Correct: Ram and Shyam

Correct: Singing and Dancing

Conjunction हमेशा समान प्रकार के शब्दों या Clauses को जोड़ता है।

Rule 2: Because और So साथ नहीं आते

Wrong: Because it was raining, so I stayed home.

Correct: Because it was raining, I stayed home.

Correct: It was raining, so I stayed home.

Rule 3: Although और But साथ नहीं आते

Wrong: Although he is poor, but he is honest.

Correct: Although he is poor, he is honest.

Correct: He is poor but honest.

Rule 4: Subject-Verb Agreement

Either Ram or his friends are coming.

Either Ram's friends or Ram is coming.

Verb हमेशा निकट वाले Subject के अनुसार आएगा।

Conjunction के आधार पर अर्थ

प्रयोग	Conjunction
जोड़ना	and
विरोध	but, yet
विकल्प	or
कारण	because, since
परिणाम	so, therefore
समय	when, while, before, after
शर्त	if, unless
उद्देश्य	so that

100+ Common Conjunction Examples

AND Examples (1–20)

1. Ram and Shyam are friends.
2. She sings and dances.
3. I bought apples and oranges.
4. He came and sat down.
5. They worked and succeeded.
6. Father and mother are happy.
7. He studied and passed.
8. The sun rose and birds started singing.
9. She cooked and served dinner.
10. We laughed and enjoyed the party.
11. Rahul and Rohan play cricket.
12. He opened the door and entered.
13. She washed the clothes and dried them.
14. I woke up and brushed my teeth.
15. They visited Delhi and Agra.
16. The teacher explained and the students listened.
17. He wrote the letter and posted it.
18. She bought a book and a pen.
19. The baby smiled and clapped.
20. We ate food and watched a movie.

BUT Examples (21–40)

21. He is poor but honest.
22. I tried hard but failed.
23. She is beautiful but arrogant.
24. They arrived early but missed the train.
25. The food was tasty but expensive.
26. He is young but wise.
27. I called him but he didn't answer.
28. She worked hard but got little reward.
29. He apologized but she was angry.
30. The weather was cold but pleasant.
31. The car is old but reliable.
32. He is rich but unhappy.
33. She studied a lot but couldn't pass.
34. I wanted to go but it was raining.
35. The room was small but clean.
36. He ran fast but lost the race.
37. She is strict but kind.
38. The dress is beautiful but costly.
39. They played well but lost.
40. The test was difficult but interesting.

OR Examples (41–60)

41. Tea or coffee?
42. Study hard or fail.
43. Call me or send a message.
44. Do it now or regret later.
45. Take a bus or a train.
46. Eat now or wait.
47. Go left or right.
48. Hurry up or miss the show.
49. Choose red or blue.
50. Stay here or leave.
51. Would you like milk or juice?
52. Walk fast or be late.
53. Read a book or watch TV.
54. Bring your pen or borrow one.
55. Come today or tomorrow.
56. We can travel by train or plane.
57. Take an umbrella or get wet.
58. Wear a coat or feel cold.
59. Speak clearly or nobody will understand.
60. Save money or face problems later.

SO Examples (61–80)

61. It was raining, so we stayed home.
62. He was tired, so he slept early.
63. She studied hard, so she passed.
64. I was hungry, so I ate food.
65. The road was blocked, so we took another route.
66. He forgot the key, so he couldn't enter.
67. They practiced daily, so they improved.
68. She was ill, so she didn't attend school.
69. We missed the bus, so we walked.
70. It was hot, so I drank water.
71. The shop was closed, so we returned.
72. He trained well, so he won the race.
73. She worked late, so she felt tired.
74. The team played well, so they won.
75. It was dark, so I switched on the light.
76. He saved money, so he bought a bike.
77. The weather was bad, so the match was cancelled.
78. I had free time, so I visited my friend.
79. She was confident, so she performed well.
80. The bell rang, so the students left.

BECAUSE Examples (81–100)

81. I stayed home because it was raining.
82. He failed because he was careless.
83. She cried because she was sad.
84. They won because they practiced.
85. I am happy because you came.
86. We left early because it was late.
87. He was punished because he lied.
88. The match was cancelled because of rain.
89. She smiled because she was excited.
90. The road was closed because of construction.
91. I respect him because he is honest.
92. They were late because of traffic.
93. He was absent because he was sick.
94. She succeeded because she worked hard.
95. We stayed indoors because it was cold.
96. The baby cried because it was hungry.
97. He was happy because he got a job.
98. I bought the book because it was useful.
99. She thanked me because I helped her.
100. The plants grew well because they got enough water.

Bonus Examples (101–110)

101. Although he is poor, he is honest.
102. If you work hard, you will succeed.
103. When I arrived, he was sleeping.
104. Before you go, call me.
105. After the rain stopped, we played outside.
106. Since you are here, let's start.
107. Unless you study, you will fail.
108. While I was reading, she was cooking.
109. Either Ram or Mohan will come.
110. Neither tea nor coffee is available.

Conjunction की पहचान कैसे करें?

• यदि कोई शब्द दो चीजों को जोड़ रहा है तो वह Conjunction हो सकता है।
• यदि शब्द कारण बता रहा है तो वह Subordinating Conjunction हो सकता है।
• यदि शब्द Pair में है तो वह Correlative Conjunction हो सकता है।
• यदि शब्द विकल्प दे रहा है तो वह Coordinating Conjunction हो सकता है।

Shortcut: AND = जोड़ना
BUT = विरोध
OR = विकल्प
SO = परिणाम
BECAUSE = कारण

Common Errors (सामान्य गलतियाँ)

Wrong	Correct
Because he was ill, so he stayed home.	Because he was ill, he stayed home.
Although he is poor but honest.	Although he is poor, he is honest.
Neither Ram or Mohan came.	Neither Ram nor Mohan came.
Either Ram and Mohan.	Either Ram or Mohan.
Both Ram or Shyam.	Both Ram and Shyam.

Advanced Rules of Conjunction

Rule 1: Either...Or / Neither...Nor

जब दो Subjects को Either...Or या Neither...Nor से जोड़ा जाता है, तो Verb निकट वाले Subject के अनुसार आती है।

Either Ram or his friends are coming.

Either his friends or Ram is coming.

Rule 2: Both...And

Both...And दो Subjects को जोड़ता है इसलिए सामान्यतः Plural Verb आती है।

Both Ram and Shyam are intelligent.

Rule 3: Not Only...But Also

Verb निकट वाले Subject के अनुसार आती है।

Not only Ram but also his friends are present.

Rule 4: Although / Though

Although के साथ But का प्रयोग नहीं करते।

Although he is poor, he is honest.

Rule 5: Because

Because के साथ So का प्रयोग नहीं करते।

Because it was raining, I stayed home.

Practice Exercise (Fill in the Blanks)

1. Ram ____ Shyam are friends.
2. He is poor ____ honest.
3. Tea ____ coffee?
4. I stayed home ____ it was raining.
5. Study hard ____ you will fail.
6. She sings ____ dances.
7. He tried hard ____ failed.
8. Call me ____ send a message.
9. I was tired ____ I slept.
10. She cried ____ she was sad.
11. Either Ram ____ Mohan will come.
12. Neither tea ____ coffee is available.
13. Both Ram ____ Shyam passed.
14. Not only Ram ____ also Mohan came.
15. ____ you work hard, you will succeed.
16. He waited ____ the train arrived.
17. ____ it was cold, we went out.
18. She smiled ____ she was happy.
19. Walk fast ____ be late.
20. I called him ____ he didn't answer.
21. He worked hard ____ he passed.
22. ____ I reached, he left.
23. Stay here ____ leave now.
24. She is rich ____ humble.
25. I bought apples ____ bananas.
26. ____ he is old, he is active.
27. We stayed inside ____ it was raining.
28. Take an umbrella ____ get wet.
29. She studied ____ passed.
30. Ram ____ Mohan was absent.
31. ____ Ram and Shyam were present.
32. I don't know ____ he will come or not.
33. ____ you study, you cannot pass.
34. He left ____ dinner.
35. He arrived ____ lunch.
36. She is smart ____ hardworking.
37. He is poor ____ happy.
38. I can speak Hindi ____ English.
39. The baby cried ____ it was hungry.
40. We missed the bus ____ we walked.
41. He is weak ____ brave.
42. ____ he apologized, she forgave him.
43. She cooked food ____ served it.
44. Do it now ____ regret later.
45. He was absent ____ illness.
46. Neither Ram ____ Shyam attended.
47. Both tea ____ coffee are available.
48. He not only sings ____ also dances.
49. ____ it rains, we will stay home.
50. I was hungry ____ I ate food.

Answer Key (Fill in the Blanks)

1. and
2. but
3. or
4. because
5. or
6. and
7. but
8. or
9. so
10. because
11. or
12. nor
13. and
14. but
15. if
16. until
17. although
18. because
19. or
20. but
21. so
22. when
23. or
24. but
25. and
26. although
27. because
28. or
29. and
30. or
31. both
32. whether
33. unless
34. after
35. before
36. and
37. but
38. and
39. because
40. so
41. but
42. after
43. and
44. or
45. because of
46. nor
47. and
48. but
49. if
50. so

MCQ Test (50 Questions)

1. Which conjunction means "और"?
   a) but b) and c) or d) so
2. Which conjunction shows contrast?
   a) but b) and c) so d) because
3. Which conjunction shows choice?
   a) because b) and c) or d) so
4. Which conjunction shows reason?
   a) because b) but c) yet d) or
5. Which conjunction shows result?
   a) because b) so c) but d) nor
6. Ram ___ Shyam are friends.
   a) but b) or c) and d) yet
7. He is poor ___ honest.
   a) but b) and c) or d) so
8. Tea ___ coffee?
   a) and b) but c) or d) so
9. I stayed home ___ it was raining.
   a) because b) and c) but d) yet
10. Study hard ___ fail.
    a) and b) but c) or d) because
11. Which is a Coordinating Conjunction?
    a) because b) if c) and d) when
12. Which is a Subordinating Conjunction?
    a) and b) but c) because d) nor
13. Which is a Correlative Conjunction?
    a) and b) either...or c) but d) so
14. Both Ram ___ Shyam passed.
    a) or b) but c) and d) nor
15. Neither tea ___ coffee is available.
    a) and b) nor c) but d) or
16. Either Ram ___ Mohan will come.
    a) and b) but c) or d) so
17. Not only Ram ___ also Mohan came.
    a) and b) but c) or d) nor
18. Although he is poor, he is ____.
    a) honest b) because c) and d) or
19. Because shows ____.
    a) contrast b) reason c) choice d) result
20. So shows ____.
    a) result b) choice c) reason d) contrast
21. Which pair is correct?
    a) neither-or b) both-or c) neither-nor d) both-but
22. Which pair is correct?
    a) both-and b) either-and c) neither-and d) because-so
23. Which conjunction means "यदि"?
    a) if b) and c) but d) so
24. Which conjunction means "जब"?
    a) because b) when c) yet d) nor
25. Which conjunction means "जबकि"?
    a) while b) if c) and d) but
26. Which conjunction means "पहले"?
    a) after b) before c) while d) because
27. Which conjunction means "बाद में"?
    a) before b) after c) since d) if
28. Which conjunction means "जब तक नहीं"?
    a) unless b) and c) but d) or
29. Which conjunction means "क्योंकि"?
    a) because b) but c) and d) or
30. Which conjunction means "फिर भी"?
    a) and b) yet c) or d) because
31. Which conjunction means "न ही"?
    a) nor b) and c) but d) so
32. Which conjunction means "इसलिए"?
    a) so b) because c) but d) yet
33. Ram is poor ___ honest.
    a) and b) but c) or d) nor
34. Work hard ___ succeed.
    a) and b) or c) because d) yet
35. Call me ___ send a message.
    a) or b) and c) but d) because
36. She sings ___ dances.
    a) but b) and c) so d) yet
37. I was hungry ___ I ate food.
    a) so b) but c) and d) because
38. He failed ___ he was careless.
    a) because b) and c) but d) yet
39. She studied hard ___ passed.
    a) and b) but c) because d) nor
40. The road was blocked ___ we returned.
    a) because b) so c) but d) yet
41. Which is NOT a conjunction?
    a) and b) but c) quickly d) because
42. Which conjunction joins equal clauses?
    a) Coordinating b) Subordinating c) Correlative d) None
43. Which conjunction joins dependent clauses?
    a) Coordinating b) Subordinating c) Correlative d) None
44. Which conjunction comes in pairs?
    a) Coordinating b) Correlative c) Subordinating d) None
45. Either...Or is a ____.
    a) Coordinating b) Correlative c) Subordinating d) Phrase
46. Neither...Nor is a ____.
    a) Correlative b) Coordinating c) Noun d) Verb
47. Both...And is a ____.
    a) Correlative b) Verb c) Adjective d) Pronoun
48. Not only...But also is a ____.
    a) Correlative b) Noun c) Adverb d) Verb
49. Conjunction joins ____.
    a) words b) phrases c) clauses d) all of these
50. Conjunction is a part of ____.
    a) Speech b) Tense c) Voice d) Narration

MCQ Answer Key

1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-a, 5-b, 6-c, 7-a, 8-c, 9-a, 10-c, 11-c, 12-c, 13-b, 14-c, 15-b, 16-c, 17-b, 18-a, 19-b, 20-a, 21-c, 22-a, 23-a, 24-b, 25-a, 26-b, 27-b, 28-a, 29-a, 30-b, 31-a, 32-a, 33-b, 34-a, 35-a, 36-b, 37-a, 38-a, 39-a, 40-b, 41-c, 42-a, 43-b, 44-b, 45-b, 46-a, 47-a, 48-a, 49-d, 50-a

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1. Conjunction क्या है?

जो शब्द दो शब्दों, वाक्यांशों या वाक्यों को जोड़ता है उसे Conjunction कहते हैं।

Q2. Conjunction के कितने प्रकार हैं?

मुख्य रूप से 3 प्रकार हैं: Coordinating, Subordinating और Correlative Conjunction।

Q3. AND का प्रयोग कब होता है?

दो समान विचारों या शब्दों को जोड़ने के लिए।

Q4. BUT का प्रयोग कब होता है?

विरोध या Contrast दिखाने के लिए।

Q5. OR का प्रयोग कब होता है?

विकल्प या Choice बताने के लिए।

Conclusion

Conjunction English Grammar का एक महत्वपूर्ण Part of Speech है। यह शब्दों, Phrases और Clauses को जोड़कर भाषा को सरल, प्रभावशाली और अर्थपूर्ण बनाता है।

यदि आप AND, BUT, OR, SO, BECAUSE, IF, WHEN, EITHER...OR, NEITHER...NOR तथा NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO का सही प्रयोग सीख लेते हैं, तो आपकी English Speaking, Writing और Competitive Exam तैयारी काफी मजबूत हो जाएगी।

📚 Related Posts

• 📘 English Grammar Complete Index
• 📖 Part of Speech in English Grammar
• 📝 Noun (संज्ञा)
• 👤 Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
• ⚡ Verb (क्रिया)
• 🎨 Adjective (विशेषण)
• 🚀 Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)
• 📍 Preposition (संबंध बोधक)
• 🔗 Conjunction (समुच्चय बोधक)
• 🎉 Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)

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