Preposition (संबंध वाचक) in English Grammar in Hindi | Basic to Advanced Complete Guide | GKBYISHAK

 

Preposition (संबंध वाचक)

English Grammar Zero Level to Advanced Complete Guide in Hindi

By GKBYISHAK

📚 विषय सूची (Table of Contents)

1. परिचय 2. Preposition क्या है? 3. Definition 4. पहचान कैसे करें? 5. Preposition क्यों जरूरी है? 6. Basic Examples 7. Quick Summary

Preposition का परिचय

यदि आप अंग्रेज़ी सीखना चाहते हैं, तो Preposition को समझना बहुत आवश्यक है। बहुत से विद्यार्थी Tense, Verb और Vocabulary तो सीख लेते हैं, लेकिन सही Preposition का प्रयोग न आने के कारण उनके वाक्य गलत हो जाते हैं।

उदाहरण के लिए—

• He is in the room.
• Book is on the table.
• She came from Delhi.
• We are going to school.

इन सभी वाक्यों में in, on, from, to ऐसे शब्द हैं जो दो शब्दों के बीच संबंध बताते हैं। इन्हें ही Preposition कहा जाता है।

Preposition किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान, दिशा, समय या स्थिति के बीच संबंध बताने वाला शब्द होता है।

Preposition क्या है?

Preposition अंग्रेज़ी व्याकरण का वह Part of Speech है जो किसी Noun या Pronoun का संबंध वाक्य के दूसरे शब्दों से स्थापित करता है।

सरल भाषा में—

जो शब्द "कहाँ?", "किसके ऊपर?", "किसके अंदर?", "किसके पास?", "किस दिशा में?", "किस समय?" आदि का संबंध बताए, उसे Preposition कहते हैं।

Example

Sentence	Preposition
The cat is on the chair.	on
Rahul lives in Mumbai.	in
She walked into the room.	into
The book is under the bed.	under
Birds are flying above the tree.	above

Definition of Preposition

English Definition:

A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relation with another word in the sentence.

Hindi Definition:

जो शब्द किसी Noun या Pronoun से पहले आकर उसका संबंध वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों से प्रकट करे, उसे Preposition (संबंध वाचक) कहते हैं।

Preposition की पहचान कैसे करें?

यदि किसी वाक्य में कोई शब्द निम्नलिखित प्रकार का संबंध बता रहा है, तो वह Preposition हो सकता है।

• स्थान (Place)
• समय (Time)
• दिशा (Direction)
• स्थिति (Position)
• कारण (Reason)
• साधन (Means)
• साथ (Accompaniment)
• दूरी (Distance)
• गति (Movement)

Examples

Sentence	Relation
He is in the room.	Place
School starts at 8 AM.	Time
He came from Jaipur.	Source
She walked towards me.	Direction
The pen is under the book.	Position

Preposition क्यों सीखें?

अंग्रेज़ी में हजारों ऐसे वाक्य हैं जिनमें सही Preposition का प्रयोग आवश्यक होता है। यदि Preposition गलत हो जाए तो पूरे वाक्य का अर्थ बदल सकता है।

• Fluent English बोलने के लिए
• Competitive Exams के लिए
• School एवं College Exams के लिए
• Grammar मजबूत करने के लिए
• Translation सीखने के लिए
• Speaking और Writing Skills सुधारने के लिए

लगभग हर अंग्रेज़ी वाक्य में किसी न किसी प्रकार का Preposition प्रयोग होता है। इसलिए यह Grammar का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण Part of Speech माना जाता है।

Basic Examples

English Sentence	Hindi Meaning	Prepo-sition
The pen is on the table.	कलम मेज पर है।	on
The boy is in the class.	लड़का कक्षा में है।	in
She came from Delhi.	वह दिल्ली से आई।	from
He goes to school.	वह स्कूल जाता है।	to
The cat is under the chair.	बिल्ली कुर्सी के नीचे है।	under
The fan is above my head.	पंखा मेरे सिर के ऊपर है।	above
The children are behind the bus.	बच्चे बस के पीछे हैं।	behind
He sat beside me.	वह मेरे बगल में बैठा।	beside
The shop is near the station.	दुकान स्टेशन के पास है।	near
The river flows through the city.	नदी शहर के बीच से बहती है।	through

Quick Summary

• Preposition एक संबंध बताने वाला शब्द है।
• यह Noun या Pronoun से पहले आता है।
• यह Place, Time, Direction, Position आदि का संबंध बताता है।
• Fluent English के लिए Preposition सीखना आवश्यक है।
• आगे के भाग में हम Preposition के सभी प्रकार (Types of Preposition) को Basic से Advanced तक विस्तार से सीखेंगे।

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Types of Preposition (Preposition के प्रकार)

Preposition के कई प्रकार होते हैं। प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं, स्कूल, कॉलेज तथा Fluent English के लिए इन सभी प्रकारों को समझना आवश्यक है।

मुख्य रूप से Preposition के निम्नलिखित प्रकार होते हैं—

क्रम	Type	Hindi
1	Preposition of Time	समय सूचक
2	Preposition of Place	स्थान सूचक
3	Preposition of Direction	दिशा सूचक
4	Preposition of Movement	गति सूचक
5	Preposition of Position	स्थिति सूचक
6	Preposition of Manner	रीति सूचक
7	Preposition of Agent	कर्ता सूचक
8	Preposition of Instrument	साधन सूचक
9	Preposition of Cause	कारण सूचक
10	Phrase Preposition	वाक्यांश संबंध वाचक

1. Preposition of Time (समय सूचक)

जो Preposition समय का संबंध बताते हैं उन्हें Preposition of Time कहते हैं।

Common Words

At, On, In, Since, For, During, Before, After, By, Till, Until, Within

Sentence	Meaning
I wake up at 6 AM.	मैं सुबह 6 बजे उठता हूँ।
She was born in 2010.	उसका जन्म 2010 में हुआ।
We meet on Sunday.	हम रविवार को मिलते हैं।
He has lived here since 2020.	वह 2020 से यहाँ रहता है।
I waited for two hours.	मैं दो घंटे तक इंतजार करता रहा।
Don't go before lunch.	दोपहर के भोजन से पहले मत जाओ।
Come after school.	स्कूल के बाद आना।
Finish it by evening.	इसे शाम तक पूरा करो।

2. Preposition of Place (स्थान सूचक)

जो Preposition किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के स्थान को बताते हैं उन्हें Preposition of Place कहते हैं।

Common Words

In, On, At, Under, Over, Above, Below, Near, Behind, Between, Among

Sentence	Meaning
The keys are on the table.	चाबियाँ मेज पर हैं।
The boy is in the room.	लड़का कमरे में है।
She is at home.	वह घर पर है।
The dog is under the chair.	कुत्ता कुर्सी के नीचे है।
The fan is above us.	पंखा हमारे ऊपर है।
The river flows below the bridge.	नदी पुल के नीचे बहती है।
The school is near the hospital.	स्कूल अस्पताल के पास है।
The cat is behind the sofa.	बिल्ली सोफे के पीछे है।
Ram is sitting between Mohan and Sohan.	राम मोहन और सोहन के बीच बैठा है।
He was among friends.	वह मित्रों के बीच था।

3. Preposition of Direction (दिशा सूचक)

ये Preposition किसी दिशा की ओर जाने का संबंध बताते हैं।

To, Towards, Into, Onto, From, Out of

Sentence	Meaning
He went to Delhi.	वह दिल्ली गया।
The child ran towards his mother.	बच्चा अपनी माँ की ओर दौड़ा।
She entered into the room.	वह कमरे में गई।
The cat jumped onto the table.	बिल्ली मेज पर कूद गई।
He came from Jaipur.	वह जयपुर से आया।
The bird flew out of the cage.	पक्षी पिंजरे से बाहर उड़ गया।

4. Preposition of Movement (गति सूचक)

जो Preposition किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति की गति को दर्शाते हैं।

Across, Through, Along, Around, Past, Over

Sentence	Meaning
We walked across the road.	हम सड़क पार चले।
The train passed through the tunnel.	ट्रेन सुरंग से गुज़री।
He walked along the river.	वह नदी के किनारे चला।
The earth moves around the sun.	पृथ्वी सूर्य के चारों ओर घूमती है।
She ran past me.	वह मेरे पास से दौड़कर निकल गई।
The bird flew over the river.	पक्षी नदी के ऊपर से उड़ गया।

5. Preposition of Position (स्थिति सूचक)

ये Preposition किसी वस्तु की स्थिति या स्थान को स्पष्ट करते हैं।

Above, Below, Opposite, Beside, Between, Among, Near

Sentence	Meaning
The temple is opposite the school.	मंदिर स्कूल के सामने है।
He sat beside me.	वह मेरे बगल में बैठा।
The lamp is above the table.	लैंप मेज के ऊपर है।
The bag is below the chair.	बैग कुर्सी के नीचे है।
The child stood between his parents.	बच्चा अपने माता-पिता के बीच खड़ा था।
She was among students.	वह छात्रों के बीच थी।

6. Preposition of Manner (रीति सूचक)

ये बताते हैं कि कोई कार्य किस प्रकार किया गया।

By, With, Like, As

Sentence	Meaning
He came by bus.	वह बस से आया।
She cut the apple with a knife.	उसने चाकू से सेब काटा।
He works like a machine.	वह मशीन की तरह काम करता है।
She acted as a leader.	उसने नेता के रूप में कार्य किया।

7. Preposition of Agent (कर्ता सूचक)

Passive Voice में कार्य करने वाले व्यक्ति को बताने के लिए सामान्यतः by का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Sentence	Meaning
The letter was written by Ravi.	पत्र रवि द्वारा लिखा गया।
The work was completed by the team.	काम टीम द्वारा पूरा किया गया।
The window was broken by the boy.	खिड़की लड़के द्वारा तोड़ी गई।

8. Preposition of Instrument (साधन सूचक)

जिस साधन या उपकरण से कार्य किया जाए उसे बताने के लिए प्रयोग होते हैं।

Sentence	Meaning
He writes with a pen.	वह पेन से लिखता है।
I travel by train.	मैं ट्रेन से यात्रा करता हूँ।
She opened the door with a key.	उसने चाबी से दरवाज़ा खोला।

9. Preposition of Cause (कारण सूचक)

कार्य के कारण को दर्शाते हैं।

Because of, Due to, Owing to, From

Sentence	Meaning
The match was cancelled because of rain.	बारिश के कारण मैच रद्द हुआ।
He died from cancer.	उसकी मृत्यु कैंसर से हुई।
The train was late due to fog.	कोहरे के कारण ट्रेन देर से आई।

10. Phrase Preposition (वाक्यांश Preposition)

दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने Preposition को Phrase Preposition कहते हैं।

According to, Because of, Instead of, In front of, In spite of, In addition to

Sentence	Meaning
According to the teacher, he is honest.	शिक्षक के अनुसार वह ईमानदार है।
In spite of rain, we played.	बारिश के बावजूद हम खेले।
Instead of tea, I drank milk.	चाय की जगह मैंने दूध पिया।
The car is in front of the house.	कार घर के सामने है।
In addition to English, she knows Hindi.	अंग्रेज़ी के अलावा वह हिन्दी भी जानती है।

⭐ Important Points

• ✔ At = निश्चित समय
• ✔ On = दिन और तारीख
• ✔ In = महीना, वर्ष, ऋतु और बड़े स्थान
• ✔ To = दिशा या गंतव्य
• ✔ From = प्रारम्भिक स्थान
• ✔ By = साधन या कर्ता
• ✔ With = उपकरण
• ✔ Between = दो व्यक्तियों/वस्तुओं के बीच
• ✔ Among = तीन या अधिक के बीच
• ✔ Into = अंदर की ओर गति

💡 **याद रखें:** एक ही Preposition अलग-अलग संदर्भों में अलग अर्थ दे सकता है। इसलिए केवल शब्द याद करना पर्याप्त नहीं है; उसके प्रयोग (Usage) और नियम (Rules) भी समझना आवश्यक है।

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Preposition Rules (Basic to Advanced)

Preposition सीखने का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भाग उसके Rules हैं। केवल शब्द याद कर लेना पर्याप्त नहीं होता। सही स्थान पर सही Preposition का प्रयोग करना ही अच्छी अंग्रेज़ी की पहचान है।

⭐ प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं (SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railway, Police, CTET, TET आदि) में सबसे अधिक प्रश्न Preposition Rules से पूछे जाते हैं।

Rule 1 : At, On और In का प्रयोग

Preposition	Use	Example
At	Specific Time	School starts at 8 AM.
On	Day / Date	We meet on Monday.
In	Month, Year, Century	I was born in 2010.

✔ At = 8 AM, noon, night
✔ On = Monday, Sunday, 15 August
✔ In = January, 2026, Summer, Morning

Rule 2 : Since और For

Since	For
Starting Point	Period of Time
Since 2019	For 5 years
Since Monday	For two hours

Examples

• I have lived here since 2020.
• She has been waiting for two hours.

Rule 3 : Between और Among

Between	Among
Two persons/things	Three or more

Examples

• The ball is between Ram and Mohan.
• She was sitting among her friends.

Rule 4 : By और With

By	With
Means / Agent	Instrument / Tool

Examples

• I came by bus.
• He writes with a pen.
• The letter was written by Ravi.

Rule 5 : In और Into

In	Into
Already inside	Movement inside

Examples

• The boy is in the room.
• The boy went into the room.

Rule 6 : On और Onto

On	Onto
Already on surface	Movement to surface

Examples

• The book is on the table.
• The cat jumped onto the table.

Rule 7 : Above और Over

Above	Over
Higher position	Directly above / Covering

Examples

• The fan is above my head.
• The plane flew over the city.

Rule 8 : Below और Under

Below	Under
Lower level	Directly beneath

• The temperature is below 10°C.
• The cat is under the chair.

Rule 9 : Beside और Besides

Beside	Besides
Next to	In addition to

Examples

• He sat beside me.
• Besides English, she knows Hindi.

Rule 10 : Across और Through

Across	Through
Crossing	Passing inside

• We walked across the road.
• The train passed through the tunnel.

Rule 11 : To और Towards

To	Towards
Destination	Direction

• I went to Delhi.
• He walked towards the station.

Rule 12 : From और Of

• From = Source
• Of = Possession / Relation

Examples

• He came from Mumbai.
• The color of the car is red.

50 Common Prepositions

Preposition	Meaning
About	के बारे में
Above	ऊपर
Across	आर-पार
After	बाद
Against	विरुद्ध
Along	साथ-साथ
Among	के बीच
Around	चारों ओर
At	पर
Before	पहले
Behind	पीछे
Below	नीचे
Beneath	के नीचे
Beside	बगल में
Between	दो के बीच
Beyond	के पार
By	द्वारा/से
Down	नीचे की ओर
During	के दौरान
Except	को छोड़कर
For	के लिए
From	से
In	में
Inside	अंदर
Into	के अंदर
Near	पास
Of	का/की/के
Off	से हटकर
On	पर
Onto	के ऊपर
Out	बाहर
Outside	बाहर
Over	ऊपर
Past	के पास से
Round	चारों ओर
Since	से
Through	के बीच से
Throughout	पूरे समय
Till	तक
To	की ओर
Towards	की ओर
Under	के नीचे
Underneath	बिल्कुल नीचे
Until	तक
Up	ऊपर की ओर
Upon	पर
Via	के माध्यम से
Within	के भीतर
Without	बिना

Common Mistakes (गलतियाँ)

❌ Wrong	✅ Correct
Discuss about the issue.	Discuss the issue.
Order for tea.	Order tea.
He married with her.	He married her.
He entered into the room.	He entered the room.
She requested for help.	She requested help.
Different than	Different from
Prefer than	Prefer to
Married with	Married to
Good in English	Good at English
Interested for music	Interested in music

💡 Tip: कई अंग्रेज़ी Verbs और Adjectives के साथ निश्चित (Fixed) Preposition का प्रयोग होता है। इन्हें याद रखना आवश्यक है।

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Practice Exercise (Fill in the Blanks)

नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में सही Preposition भरिए।

1. She lives _____ Delhi.
2. The book is _____ the table.
3. We reached school _____ 8 o'clock.
4. He has been ill _____ Monday.
5. I waited _____ two hours.
6. The cat is _____ the chair.
7. The bird flew _____ the river.
8. He came _____ Mumbai yesterday.
9. They are sitting _____ the tree.
10. The train passed _____ the tunnel.
11. He walked _____ the road.
12. She jumped _____ the swimming pool.
13. The school is _____ the hospital.
14. The fan is _____ my head.
15. The shoes are _____ the bed.
16. He stood _____ Ram and Mohan.
17. The teacher came _____ the class.
18. The baby ran _____ her mother.
19. I write _____ a pen.
20. The letter was written _____ Ravi.
21. She came _____ bus.
22. He was born _____ 2012.
23. We play cricket _____ Sunday.
24. The office opens _____ 9 AM.
25. She is interested _____ music.
26. The boy is good _____ Mathematics.
27. He apologized _____ his mistake.
28. The meeting starts _____ five minutes.
29. The dog ran _____ the gate.
30. The plane flew _____ the clouds.
31. The river flows _____ the city.
32. He climbed _____ the wall.
33. She walked _____ me without speaking.
34. The children hid _____ the bed.
35. The picture hangs _____ the wall.
36. He divided the money _____ his sons.
37. The students sat _____ the classroom.
38. She arrived _____ the station early.
39. The baby is sleeping _____ the bed.
40. He looked _____ the window.
41. The sun rises _____ the east.
42. Water changes into ice _____ winter.
43. The boy jumped _____ the chair.
44. The shop remains closed _____ lunch.
45. He stayed there _____ three days.
46. She walked _____ the bridge.
47. He was absent _____ school.
48. She is afraid _____ dogs.
49. The boy laughed _____ the joke.
50. He succeeded _____ hard work.

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Answer Key (Fill in the Blanks)

1. in
2. on
3. at
4. since
5. for
6. under
7. over
8. from
9. under
10. through
11. across
12. into
13. near
14. above
15. under
16. between
17. into
18. towards
19. with
20. by
21. by
22. in
23. on
24. at
25. in
26. at
27. for
28. within
29. through
30. above
31. through
32. over
33. past
34. under
35. on
36. among
37. in
38. at
39. on
40. through
41. in
42. in
43. onto
44. during
45. for
46. across
47. from
48. of
49. at
50. through

---

MCQ Test (Questions 1–10)

1. 1. She is sitting ___ the chair.
   
   

   A. in
   B. on
   C. at
   D. over

2. 2. The book is ___ the table.
   
   

   A. on
   B. in
   C. under
   D. at

3. 3. He goes to school ___ bus.
   
   

   A. with
   B. on
   C. by
   D. in

4. 4. TyWe have lived here ___ 2018.
   
   

   A. for
   B. since
   C. from
   D. during

5. 5. The cat jumped ___ the wall.
   
   

   A. over
   B. under
   C. between
   D. beside

6. 6. He arrived ___ the airport early.
   
   

   A. on
   B. at
   C. in
   D. over

7. 7. There is a bridge ___ the river.
   
   

   A. over
   B. in
   C. at
   D. from

8. 8. The children ran ___ the playground.
   
   

   A. into
   B. for
   C. since
   D. under

9. 9. My birthday is ___ July.
   
   

   A. at
   B. on
   C. in
   D. by

10. 10. She divided the cake ___ her friends.
    
    

    A. between
    B. among
    C. into
    D. from

Answer Key (1–10)

• 1. on
• 2. on
• 3. by
• 4. since
• 5. over
• 6. at
• 7. over
• 8. into
• 9. in
• 10. among

---

MCQ Test (Questions 11–20)

11. 11. Which preposition shows movement to a place?

    in on to at

12. 12. She is sitting ____ the chair.

    in on at by

13. 13. The train arrived ____ 7 a.m.

    in on at from

14. 14. He lives ____ Delhi.

    in on at over

15. 15. The bird flew ____ the tree.

    above below under beside

16. 16. He jumped ____ the river.

    across under into beside

17. 17. My school is ____ the bank and the hospital.

    between among above over

18. 18. We walked ____ the bridge.

    across under beside between

19. 19. The cat is hiding ____ the table.

    under above into over

20. 20. They came ____ Mumbai yesterday.

    from in on at

Answer Key (11–20)

• 11. to
• 12. on
• 13. at
• 14. in
• 15. above
• 16. across
• 17. between
• 18. across
• 19. under
• 20. from

---

MCQ Test (Questions 21–30)

21. 21. He divided the cake ____ five children.

    among between under beside

22. 22. The picture is ____ the wall.

    on in under at

23. 23. She arrived ____ the airport early.

    at on in from

24. 24. We have lived here ____ 2018.

    since for by during

25. 25. He worked ____ two hours.

    for since at from

26. 26. The ball rolled ____ the table.

    under over above between

27. 27. He stood ____ me in the queue.

    behind above inside during

28. 28. She came ____ her brother.

    with from over under

29. 29. The plane flew ____ the clouds.

    above under between at

30. 30. He is good ____ English.

    at in on for

Answer Key (21–30)

• 21. among
• 22. on
• 23. at
• 24. since
• 25. for
• 26. under
• 27. behind
• 28. with
• 29. above
• 30. at

---

MCQ Test (Questions 31–40)

31. 31. The children are playing ____ the park.

    in on at over

32. 32. He walked ____ the road carefully.

    along under during inside

33. 33. The cat jumped ____ the roof.

    onto from under between

34. 34. She has been absent ____ Monday.

    since for during at

35. 35. The teacher stood ____ the students.

    among through until onto

36. 36. We reached the station ____ time.

    on in at from

37. 37. The river flows ____ the village.

    through above onto during

38. 38. He sat ____ his friend in the classroom.

    beside inside across towards

39. 39. The train passed ____ the tunnel.

    through under beside above

40. 40. She is afraid ____ dogs.

    of from with by

Answer Key (31–40)

• 31. in
• 32. along
• 33. onto
• 34. since
• 35. among
• 36. on
• 37. through
• 38. beside
• 39. through
• 40. of

---

MCQ Test (Questions 41–50)

41. 41. The boy ran ____ the road.

    across under beside during

42. 42. She arrived ____ the party late.

    at in on from

43. 43. The picture is hanging ____ the wall.

    on in under between

44. 44. He walked ____ the bridge.

    across through under beside

45. 45. The ball rolled ____ the chair.

    under above during towards

46. 46. We have been waiting ____ two hours.

    for since at from

47. 47. The plane flew ____ the mountains.

    over under inside between

48. 48. She is interested ____ music.

    in at on for

49. 49. The teacher came ____ the classroom.

    into onto above during

50. 50. The train arrived ____ the station on time.

    at in on into

Answer Key (41–50)

• 41. across
• 42. at
• 43. on
• 44. across
• 45. under
• 46. for
• 47. over
• 48. in
• 49. into
• 50. at

---

📚 Related Posts

• 📘 English Grammar Complete Index
• 📖 Part of Speech in English Grammar
• 📝 Noun (संज्ञा)
• 👤 Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
• ⚡ Verb (क्रिया)
• 🎨 Adjective (विशेषण)
• 🚀 Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण)
• 📍 Preposition (संबंध बोधक)
• 🔗 Conjunction (समुच्चय बोधक)
• 🎉 Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)

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